私钥被格式化有什么特别之处？

Question

我尝试在python3.4中使用Google API with a oAuth service account。其中一个步骤是generate a JSON Web Token，为此我使用^{}。在

我的生成代码如下：

# opening the certificate downloaded from the Google API console
# it is password protected by the standard password ('notasecret')
p12 = OpenSSL.crypto.load_pkcs12(open('certfromgoogle.p12', 'rb').read(), 'notasecret')

# extracting the private key from the certificate and dumping it to a PEM
# format (FILETYPE_PEM)
private_key = OpenSSL.crypto.dump_privatekey(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, p12.get_privatekey())

# at that stage, private_key contains the private key as
# b'-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\nMIICdg(...)FIyw==\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n'

# trying to get the JWT
encoded = jwt.encode(claim, private_key, algorithm='RS256', headers={"alg": "RS256", "typ": "JWT"})

对jwt.encode的调用与TypeError: Expecting a PEM-formatted key一起崩溃。完整的回溯：

^{pr2}$

然而，私钥似乎提取正确。在

为什么这个格式不正确？在

Answer 1

What is special for a private key to be PEM-formatted?

PEM是一种表示编码。它有熟悉的 -BEGIN XXX -和{}。在

我认为BEGIN PRIVATE KEY是一个PKCS#8私钥。也许库需要一个PKCS#1私钥和BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY。BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY也被称为传统的密钥编码（与PKCS#8相反）。在

您应该检查相关文档并以正确的格式提供密钥。在

要从传统密钥转换为PKCS#8密钥，请参阅^{}的OpenSSL手册页。-topk8很有趣。另请参见How to convert PKCS#8-formatted PEM private key to the tranditional format?

要从PKCS#8密钥转换为传统密钥，请参阅^{}的OpenSSL手册页。另请参见Convert PEM traditional private key to PKCS8 private key?