尝试将原始queryset转换为queryset时出错

Question

查询本身是正确的，我能够得到原始查询集。我需要将其转换为查询集以便进一步处理，我面临以下错误

创建相应的django查询对我来说很困难，这就是为什么我创建了SQL查询，获得了原始查询集，现在尝试将其转换为查询集以进行进一步处理

为了匿名，我更改了模型和表名

queryset = Test1.objects.filter(id__in=RawSQL("SELECT DISTINCT ON (test1.start_time, test1.id) test1.id, test1.name, test1.start_time FROM test1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM test2 JOIN test3 ON test2.test3_id = test3.id AND test3.value = '{param}' JOIN test4 ON test2.test4_id = test4.id AND test4.test1_id = test1.id) ORDER BY test1.start_time DESC".format(param=val)))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: __init__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'params'

这是格式化的原始查询

SELECT
  DISTINCT ON (test1.start_time, test1.id) test1.id,
  test1.name,
  test1.start_time
FROM
  test1
WHERE
  EXISTS (
    SELECT
      *
    FROM
      test2
      JOIN test3 ON test2.test3_id = test3.id
      AND test3.value = '{param}'
      JOIN test4 ON test2.test4_id = test4.id
      AND test4.test1_id = test1.id
  )
ORDER BY
  test1.start_time DESC.format(param = val)
)