如何在具有列表作为其值的字典中搜索多个元素？

Question

我有一本字典，它的值是列表

如何在列表中搜索与我要查找的元素（一个或多个）匹配的元素，并检索键&；将值对放入单独的字典中

我现在拥有的代码只允许我搜索单个元素，并将键只存储到结果中

dict = {
    "4Fingers Crispy Chicken":["Fast Food", "L1", "4Fingers Crispy Chicken"],
    "Aburi-EN":["Restaurant", "L1", "Aburi-EN"],
    "Ah Chiang's Porridge":["Eatery","B1","Ah Chiang's Porridge"],
    "BlackBall":["Dessert","B1", "BlackBall"],}
result=[]

value_to_search = input("Search:")

for key, val in dict.items():
        if value_to_search in val:
                result.append(key)
print(result)

有人能教我如何一次搜索多个元素并同时存储键和值吗

Answer 1

您可以将字典理解与if过滤一起使用

dic = {
    "4Fingers Crispy Chicken": ["Fast Food", "L1", "4Fingers Crispy Chicken"],
    "Aburi-EN": ["Restaurant", "L1", "Aburi-EN"],
    "Ah Chiang's Porridge": ["Eatery", "B1", "Ah Chiang's Porridge"],
    "BlackBall": ["Dessert", "B1", "BlackBall"],
}

value_to_search = input("Search:")

result = {
    k: v for k, v in dic.items()
    if value_to_search in v
}
print(result)

输出：

Search:B1
{"Ah Chiang's Porridge": ['Eatery', 'B1', "Ah Chiang's Porridge"], 'BlackBall': ['Dessert', 'B1', 'BlackBall']}

---

注：

• 请注意重新绑定名称dict。这是一个固有的名字
• 当您在display语法中使用尾随逗号时，最好在新行处加上括号（括号、大括号）-除了单元素元组（参见PEP8的第二段）

---

附加：

However, how would I go about searching for two values instead?

我假设分隔符是|

value_to_search = input("Search: ")

results = {
    target: {
        k: v for k, v in dic.items()
        if target in v
    } for target in value_to_search.split('|')
}

from pprint import pprint  # just for posting readability.

pprint(results)

输出：

Search: L1|B1
{'B1': {"Ah Chiang's Porridge": ['Eatery', 'B1', "Ah Chiang's Porridge"],
        'BlackBall': ['Dessert', 'B1', 'BlackBall']},
 'L1': {'4Fingers Crispy Chicken': ['Fast Food',
                                    'L1',
                                    '4Fingers Crispy Chicken'],
        'Aburi-EN': ['Restaurant', 'L1', 'Aburi-EN']}}

---

I wanted to be able to search for "Fast Food" & " L1" at the same time. And pull out the key&value that matches "Fast Food" & "L1"

我误解了。答案是这样的

value_to_search = input("Search: ")

results = {
    k: v for k, v in dic.items()
    if all(
        target.strip() in v
        for target in value_to_search.split('&')
    )
}

输出：

Search: Fast Food & L1
{'4Fingers Crispy Chicken': ['Fast Food', 'L1', '4Fingers Crispy Chicken']}

---

说明

• {k: v for k, v in dic.items() if ...
  它使用满足条件的元素创建新字典
• all(...)
all是内置函数。您可以看到reference。
  它接受一个iterable并返回True，只有iterable的所有元素都是True。
  
• target.strip()
  删除目标左侧和右侧的空格（不是字符串内部）
• value_to_search.split('&')
  用&和value_to_search分隔的列表

Answer 2

请尝试以下代码：

dict = {
    "4Fingers Crispy Chicken":["Fast Food", "L1", "4Fingers Crispy Chicken"],
    "Aburi-EN":["Restaurant", "L1", "Aburi-EN"],
    "Ah Chiang's Porridge":["Eatery","B1","Ah Chiang's Porridge"],
    "BlackBall":["Dessert","B1", "BlackBall"],}
result={}

value_to_search = input("Search:")

for key, val in dict.items():
        if value_to_search in val:
                # if you want key value pair just for the element you are searching for
                result[key] = value_to_search
print(result)

输出：

Search:L1
{'4Fingers Crispy Chicken': 'L1', 'Aburi-EN': 'L1'}