Django Rest框架用于同一模型的两个序列化程序

Question

我很确定有更好的方法：

class PostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Post
        fields = ('category', 'id', 'title', 'image', 'slug', 'author', 'excerpt', 'content', 'status', 'published')


class FrontendPostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    author = AuthorSerializer(many=False, read_only=True)
    category = CategorySerializer(many=False, read_only=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Post
        fields = ('category', 'id', 'title', 'image', 'slug', 'author', 'excerpt', 'content', 'status', 'published')

PostSerializer会是这样的

    {
        "category": 1,
        "id": 45,
        "title": "Lorem Ipsum - Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur",
        "image": "http://localhost:8000/media/posts/car_SxXcUTV.jpg",
        "slug": "lorem-ipsum-lorem-ipsum-dolor-sit-amet-consectetur",
        "author": 4,
        "excerpt": "Officiis iure rerum voluptates a cumque velit \nquibusdam sed amet tempora. Sit laborum ab, eius fugit doloribus tenetur \nfugiat, temporibus enim commodi iusto libero magni deleniti quod quam \nconsequuntur! Commodi minima excepturi repudiandae velit hic maxime\ndoloremque.",
        "content": "Officiis iure rerum voluptates a cumque velit \nquibusdam sed amet tempora. Sit laborum ab, eius fugit doloribus tenetur \nfugiat, temporibus enim commodi iusto libero magni deleniti quod quam \nconsequuntur! Commodi minima excepturi repudiandae velit hic maxime\ndoloremque.",
        "status": "published",
        "published": "2021-10-01T14:46:34.872576Z"
    }

FrontendPostSerializer会是这样的

{
        "category": {
            "name": "django"
        },
        "id": 45,
        "title": "Lorem Ipsum - Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur",
        "image": "http://localhost:8000/media/posts/car_SxXcUTV.jpg",
        "slug": "lorem-ipsum-lorem-ipsum-dolor-sit-amet-consectetur",
        "author": {
            "username": "luigi.verdi"
        },
        "excerpt": "Officiis iure rerum voluptates a cumque velit \nquibusdam sed amet tempora. Sit laborum ab, eius fugit doloribus tenetur \nfugiat, temporibus enim commodi iusto libero magni deleniti quod quam \nconsequuntur! Commodi minima excepturi repudiandae velit hic maxime\ndoloremque.",
        "content": "Officiis iure rerum voluptates a cumque velit \nquibusdam sed amet tempora. Sit laborum ab, eius fugit doloribus tenetur \nfugiat, temporibus enim commodi iusto libero magni deleniti quod quam \nconsequuntur! Commodi minima excepturi repudiandae velit hic maxime\ndoloremque.",
        "status": "published",
        "published": "2021-10-01T14:46:34.872576Z"
    }

我所做的是使用FrontendPostSerializer在前端显示数据，例如在一个具有类别名称、作者名称和标题的表中。相反，我使用PostSerializer作为后端CRUD

这些是我在views.py中使用的视图集

class ManagePosts(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    serializer_class = PostSerializer
    parser_classes = [MultiPartParser, FormParser]

    def get_object(self, queryset=None, **kwargs):
        item = self.kwargs.get('pk')
        return get_object_or_404(Post, slug=item)

    # Define Custom Queryset
    def get_queryset(self):        
        return Post.objects.all()

class FrontendPosts(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    serializer_class = FrontendPostSerializer

    def get_object(self, queryset=None, **kwargs):
        item = self.kwargs.get('pk')
        return get_object_or_404(Post, slug=item)

    # Define Custom Queryset
    def get_queryset(self):        
        return Post.objects.all()

我已经尝试只使用一个序列化程序，我有以下几点：

class PostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    author = AuthorSerializer(many=False, read_only=True)
    category = CategorySerializer(many=False, read_only=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Post
        fields = ('category', 'id', 'title', 'image', 'slug', 'author', 'excerpt', 'content', 'status', 'published')

但是，例如，当我尝试创建一篇新文章时，它不起作用，因为类别和作者不是数字，而是对象

我还要在这里create.js我的React前端处理create-submit

    const handleSubmit = (e) => {
        e.preventDefault();
        let formData = new FormData();
        formData.append('category', 1);
        formData.append('title', postData.title);
        formData.append('slug', postData.slug);
        formData.append('author', userInfo.id);
        formData.append('excerpt', postData.excerpt);
        formData.append('content', postData.content);
        if(postImage.image !== null) {
            formData.append('image', postImage.image);
        } 
        axiosInstance.post('', formData);
        history.push({
            pathname: '/admin/',
        });
        window.location.reload();
    };

有更好的办法吗？我确信我只能使用一个序列化程序，但我还不确定如何使用

谢谢

Answer 1

实际上是的。可以使用source属性添加所需的特定字段。例如：

class PostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
   authorUserName = serializers.CharField(read_only=true, source="author.username")
   categoryName = serializers.CharField(read_only=true, source="category.name"

   class Meta:
      model = Post
      fields = (
         'category', 'id', 'title',
         'image', 'slug', 'author',
         'excerpt', 'content', 'status',
         'published', 'authorName', 'categoryName')

         # Remember add the field that are created

当你试图得到你应该得到这样的结果：

{
    "categoryName": "django",
    "category": 1,
    "id": 45,
    "title": "Lorem Ipsum - Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur",
    "image": "http://localhost:8000/media/posts/car_SxXcUTV.jpg",
    "slug": "lorem-ipsum-lorem-ipsum-dolor-sit-amet-consectetur",
    "authorName": "luigi.verdi",
    "author": 4,
    "excerpt": "Officiis iure rerum voluptates a cumque velit \nquibusdam sed amet tempora. Sit laborum ab, eius fugit doloribus tenetur \nfugiat, temporibus enim commodi iusto libero magni deleniti quod quam \nconsequuntur! Commodi minima excepturi repudiandae velit hic maxime\ndoloremque.",
    "content": "Officiis iure rerum voluptates a cumque velit \nquibusdam sed amet tempora. Sit laborum ab, eius fugit doloribus tenetur \nfugiat, temporibus enim commodi iusto libero magni deleniti quod quam \nconsequuntur! Commodi minima excepturi repudiandae velit hic maxime\ndoloremque.",
    "status": "published",
    "published": "2021-10-01T14:46:34.872576Z"
}