Matplotlib plot函数在conda base环境中挂起

Question

我正在开发Ubuntu LTS 18.04。当我使用matplotlib.pyplot.plot（）函数来绘制非常简单的图形时，它将永远挂在conda base环境中。同样的代码已通过终端或jupyter笔记本运行。但同样的代码在原始系统的python环境或anaconda创建的其他虚拟环境下也可以正常工作

下面是代码

import matplotlib
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(0, 5, 0.1)
y = np.sin(x)

print(matplotlib.get_backend())

plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()

系统的默认python环境是python 3.6和matplotlib 3.3.4。对于anaconda创建的其他虚拟环境也是如此

conda基本环境与python 3.7和matplotlib 3.3.4一起使用。此处提供了基本环境下安装的软件包的完整列表，以供参考：

<pre># packages in environment at /home/yan/anaconda3: # # Name Version Build Channel _anaconda_depends 2020.07 py37_0 _ipyw_jlab_nb_ext_conf 0.1.0 py37_0 _libgcc_mutex 0.1 main _tflow_select 2.1.0 gpu absl-py 0.11.0 pyhd3eb1b0_1 alabaster 0.7.12 py37_0 anaconda custom py37_1 anaconda-client 1.7.2 py37_0 anaconda-navigator 1.9.12 py37_1 anaconda-project 0.8.4 py_0 argh 0.26.2 py37_0 argon2-cffi 20.1.0 py37h7b6447c_1 asn1crypto 1.4.0 py_0 astroid 2.4.2 py37_0 astropy 4.2 py37h27cfd23_0 astunparse 1.6.3 py_0 async_generator 1.10 py37h28b3542_0 atomicwrites 1.4.0 py_0 attrs 20.3.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 autopep8 1.5.4 py_0 babel 2.9.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 backcall 0.2.0 py_0 backports 1.0 pyhd3eb1b0_2 backports.functools_lru_cache 1.6.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 backports.shutil_get_terminal_size 1.0.0 pyhd3eb1b0_3 backports.tempfile 1.0 py_1 backports.weakref 1.0.post1 py_1 beautifulsoup4 4.9.3 pyhb0f4dca_0 bitarray 1.6.1 py37h27cfd23_0 bkcharts 0.2 py37_0 blas 1.0 mkl bleach 3.2.1 py_0 blinker 1.4 py37_0 blosc 1.20.1 hd408876_0 bokeh 2.2.3 py37_0 boto 2.49.0 py37_0 bottleneck 1.3.2 py37heb32a55_1 brotli 1.0.9 he6710b0_2 brotlipy 0.7.0 py37h27cfd23_1003 bzip2 1.0.8 h7b6447c_0 c-ares 1.17.1 h27cfd23_0 ca-certificates 2020.12.8 h06a4308_0 cachetools 4.2.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 cairo 1.14.12 h8948797_3 certifi 2020.12.5 py37h06a4308_0 cffi 1.14.4 py37h261ae71_0 chardet 4.0.0 py37h06a4308_1003 charls 2.1.0 he6710b0_2 click 7.1.2 py_0 cloudpickle 1.6.0 py_0 clyent 1.2.2 py37_1 colorama 0.4.4 pyhd3eb1b0_0 conda 4.9.2 py37h06a4308_0 conda-build 3.18.11 py37_0 conda-env 2.6.0 1 conda-package-handling 1.7.2 py37h03888b9_0 conda-verify 3.4.2 py_1 contextlib2 0.6.0.post1 py_0 cryptography 3.3.1 py37h3c74f83_0 cudatoolkit 10.1.243 h6bb024c_0 cudnn 7.6.5 cuda10.1_0 cupti 10.1.168 0 curl 7.71.1 hbc83047_1 cycler 0.10.0 py37_0 cython 0.29.21 py37h2531618_0 cytoolz 0.11.0 py37h7b6447c_0 dask 2020.12.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 dask-core 2020.12.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 dbus 1.13.18 hb2f20db_0 decorator 4.4.2 py_0 defusedxml 0.6.0 py_0 diff-match-patch 20200713 py_0 distributed 2020.12.0 py37h06a4308_0 dm-sonnet 2.0.0 pypi_0 pypi dm-tree 0.1.5 pypi_0 pypi docutils 0.16 py37_1 entrypoints 0.3 py37_0 et_xmlfile 1.0.1 py_1001 expat 2.2.10 he6710b0_2 fastcache 1.1.0 py37h7b6447c_0 filelock 3.0.12 py_0 flake8 3.8.4 py_0 flask 1.1.2 py_0 flatbuffers 1.12 pypi_0 pypi fontconfig 2.13.0 h9420a91_0 freetype 2.10.4 h5ab3b9f_0 fribidi 1.0.10 h7b6447c_0 fsspec 0.8.3 py_0 future 0.18.2 py37_1 gast 0.3.3 py_0 get_terminal_size 1.0.0 haa9412d_0 gevent 20.12.0 py37h27cfd23_1 giflib 5.1.4 h14c3975_1 glib 2.66.1 h92f7085_0 glob2 0.7 py_0 gmp 6.1.2 h6c8ec71_1 gmpy2 2.0.8 py37h10f8cd9_2 google-auth 1.14.1 py_0 google-auth-oauthlib 0.4.2 pyhd3eb1b0_2 google-pasta 0.2.0 py_0 graphite2 1.3.14 h23475e2_0 greenlet 0.4.17 py37h7b6447c_0 grpcio 1.32.0 pypi_0 pypi gst-plugins-base 1.14.0 hbbd80ab_1 gstreamer 1.14.0 hb31296c_0 h5py 2.10.0 py37h7918eee_0 harfbuzz 2.4.0 hca77d97_1 hdf5 1.10.4 hb1b8bf9_0 heapdict 1.0.1 py_0 html5lib 1.1 py_0 icu 58.2 he6710b0_3 idna 2.10 py_0 imagecodecs 2020.5.30 py37hfa7d478_2 imageio 2.9.0 py_0 imagesize 1.2.0 py_0 importlib-metadata 2.0.0 py_1 importlib_metadata 2.0.0 1 iniconfig 1.1.1 py_0 intel-openmp 2020.2 254 interval-bound-propagation 1.1 pypi_0 pypi intervaltree 3.1.0 py_0 ipykernel 5.3.4 py37h5ca1d4c_0 ipython 7.19.0 py37hb070fc8_0 ipython_genutils 0.2.0 pyhd3eb1b0_1 ipywidgets 7.5.1 py_1 isort 5.6.4 py_0 itsdangerous 1.1.0 py37_0 jbig 2.1 hdba287a_0 jdcal 1.4.1 py_0 jedi 0.14.1 py37_0 jeepney 0.6.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 jinja2 2.11.2 py_0 joblib 1.0.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 jpeg 9b h024ee3a_2 json5 0.9.5 py_0 jsonschema 3.2.0 py_2 jupyter 1.0.0 py37_7 jupyter_client 6.1.7 py_0 jupyter_console 6.2.0 py_0 jupyter_core 4.7.0 py37h06a4308_0 jupyterlab 2.2.6 py_0 jupyterlab_pygments 0.1.2 py_0 jupyterlab_server 1.2.0 py_0 jxrlib 1.1 h7b6447c_2 keras-preprocessing 1.1.2 pypi_0 pypi keyring 21.7.0 py37h06a4308_0 kiwisolver 1.3.0 py37h2531618_0 krb5 1.18.2 h173b8e3_0 lazy-object-proxy 1.4.3 py37h27cfd23_2 lcms2 2.11 h396b838_0 ld_impl_linux-64 2.33.1 h53a641e_7 libaec 1.0.4 he6710b0_1 libarchive 3.4.2 h62408e4_0 libcurl 7.71.1 h20c2e04_1 libedit 3.1.20191231 h14c3975_1 libffi 3.3 he6710b0_2 libgcc-ng 9.1.0 hdf63c60_0 libgfortran-ng 7.3.0 hdf63c60_0 liblief 0.10.1 he6710b0_0 libllvm10 10.0.1 hbcb73fb_5 libllvm9 9.0.1 h4a3c616_1 libpng 1.6.37 hbc83047_0 libprotobuf 3.13.0.1 hd408876_0 libsodium 1.0.18 h7b6447c_0 libspatialindex 1.9.3 he6710b0_0 libssh2 1.9.0 h1ba5d50_1 libstdcxx-ng 9.1.0 hdf63c60_0 libtiff 4.1.0 h2733197_1 libtool 2.4.6 h7b6447c_1005 libuuid 1.0.3 h1bed415_2 libwebp 1.0.1 h8e7db2f_0 libxcb 1.14 h7b6447c_0 libxml2 2.9.10 hb55368b_3 libxslt 1.1.34 hc22bd24_0 libzopfli 1.0.3 he6710b0_0 llvmlite 0.34.0 py37h269e1b5_4 locket 0.2.0 py37_1 lxml 4.6.2 py37h9120a33_0 lz4-c 1.9.2 heb0550a_3 lzo 2.10 h7b6447c_2 markdown 3.3.3 py37h06a4308_0 markupsafe 1.1.1 py37h14c3975_1 matplotlib 3.3.4 pypi_0 pypi mccabe 0.6.1 py37_1 mistune 0.8.4 py37h14c3975_1001 mkl 2020.2 256 mkl-service 2.3.0 py37he8ac12f_0 mkl_fft 1.2.0 py37h23d657b_0 mkl_random 1.1.1 py37h0573a6f_0 mock 4.0.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0 more-itertools 8.6.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 mpc 1.1.0 h10f8cd9_1 mpfr 4.0.2 hb69a4c5_1 mpmath 1.1.0 py37_0 msgpack-python 1.0.1 py37hff7bd54_0 multipledispatch 0.6.0 py37_0 navigator-updater 0.2.1 py37_0 nbclient 0.5.1 py_0 nbconvert 6.0.7 py37_0 nbformat 5.0.8 py_0 ncurses 6.2 he6710b0_1 nest-asyncio 1.4.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0 networkx 2.5 py_0 nltk 3.5 py_0 nose 1.3.7 pyhd3eb1b0_1006 notebook 6.1.5 py37h06a4308_0 numba 0.51.2 py37h04863e7_1 numexpr 2.7.1 py37h63df603_0 numpy 1.19.2 py37h54aff64_0 numpy-base 1.19.2 py37hfa32c7d_0 numpydoc 1.1.0 pyhd3eb1b0_1 oauthlib 3.1.0 py_0 olefile 0.46 py37_0 openjpeg 2.3.0 h05c96fa_1 openpyxl 3.0.5 py_0 openssl 1.1.1i h27cfd23_0 opt-einsum 3.3.0 pypi_0 pypi packaging 20.8 pyhd3eb1b0_0 pandas 1.1.5 py37ha9443f7_0 pandoc 2.11 hb0f4dca_0 pandocfilters 1.4.3 py37h06a4308_1 pango 1.45.3 hd140c19_0 parso 0.5.2 py_0 partd 1.1.0 py_0 patchelf 0.12 h2531618_1 path 15.0.1 py37h06a4308_0 path.py 12.5.0 0 pathlib2 2.3.5 py37h06a4308_2 pathtools 0.1.2 py_1 patsy 0.5.1 py37_0 pcre 8.44 he6710b0_0 pep8 1.7.1 py37_0 pexpect 4.8.0 pyhd3eb1b0_3 pickleshare 0.7.5 pyhd3eb1b0_1003 pillow 8.0.1 py37he98fc37_0 pip 20.3.3 py37h06a4308_0 pixman 0.40.0 h7b6447c_0 pkginfo 1.6.1 py37h06a4308_0 pluggy 0.13.1 py37_0 ply 3.11 py37_0 prometheus_client 0.9.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 prompt-toolkit 3.0.8 py_0 prompt_toolkit 3.0.8 0 protobuf 3.13.0.1 py37he6710b0_1 psutil 5.7.2 py37h7b6447c_0 ptyprocess 0.6.0 pyhd3eb1b0_2 py 1.10.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 py-lief 0.10.1 py37h403a769_0 pyasn1 0.4.8 py_0 pyasn1-modules 0.2.8 py_0 pycodestyle 2.6.0 py_0 pycosat 0.6.3 py37h27cfd23_0 pycparser 2.20 py_2 pycrypto 2.6.1 py37h7b6447c_10 pycurl 7.43.0.6 py37h1ba5d50_0 pydocstyle 5.1.1 py_0 pyerfa 1.7.1.1 py37h27cfd23_1 pyflakes 2.2.0 py_0 pygments 2.7.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0 pyjwt 1.7.1 py37_0 pylint 2.6.0 py37_0 pyodbc 4.0.30 py37he6710b0_0 pyopenssl 20.0.1 pyhd3eb1b0_1 pyparsing 2.4.7 py_0 pyqt 5.9.2 py37h05f1152_2 pyrsistent 0.17.3 py37h7b6447c_0 pysocks 1.7.1 py37_1 pytables 3.6.1 py37h71ec239_0 pytest 6.2.1 py37h06a4308_0 python 3.7.6 h0371630_2 python-dateutil 2.8.1 py_0 python-jsonrpc-server 0.4.0 py_0 python-language-server 0.31.7 py37_0 python-libarchive-c 2.9 py_0 pytz 2020.4 pyhd3eb1b0_0 pywavelets 1.1.1 py37h7b6447c_2 pyxdg 0.27 pyhd3eb1b0_0 pyyaml 5.3.1 py37h7b6447c_1 pyzmq 20.0.0 py37h2531618_1 qdarkstyle 2.8.1 py_0 qt 5.9.7 h5867ecd_1 qtawesome 1.0.1 py_0 qtconsole 4.7.7 py_0 qtpy 1.9.0 py_0 readline 7.0 h7b6447c_5 regex 2020.11.13 py37h27cfd23_0 requests 2.25.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 requests-oauthlib 1.3.0 py_0 ripgrep 12.1.1 0 rope 0.18.0 py_0 rsa 4.0 py_0 rtree 0.9.4 py37_1 ruamel_yaml 0.15.87 py37h7b6447c_1 scikit-image 0.17.2 py37hdf5156a_0 scikit-learn 0.23.2 py37h0573a6f_0 scipy 1.5.2 py37h0b6359f_0 seaborn 0.11.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 secretstorage 3.3.0 py37h06a4308_0 send2trash 1.5.0 pyhd3eb1b0_1 setuptools 51.0.0 py37h06a4308_2 simplegeneric 0.8.1 py37_2 singledispatch 3.4.0.3 py_1001 sip 4.19.8 py37hf484d3e_0 six 1.15.0 py37h06a4308_0 snappy 1.1.8 he6710b0_0 snowballstemmer 2.0.0 py_0 sortedcollections 1.2.1 py_0 sortedcontainers 2.3.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 soupsieve 2.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 sphinx 3.4.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 sphinxcontrib 1.0 py37_1 sphinxcontrib-applehelp 1.0.2 py_0 sphinxcontrib-devhelp 1.0.2 py_0 sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp 1.0.3 py_0 sphinxcontrib-jsmath 1.0.1 py_0 sphinxcontrib-qthelp 1.0.3 py_0 sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml 1.1.4 py_0 sphinxcontrib-websupport 1.2.4 py_0 spyder 4.0.1 py37_0 spyder-kernels 1.8.1 py37_0 sqlalchemy 1.3.21 py37h27cfd23_0 sqlite 3.33.0 h62c20be_0 statsmodels 0.12.1 py37h27cfd23_0 sympy 1.7.1 py37h06a4308_0 tabulate 0.8.7 pypi_0 pypi tbb 2020.3 hfd86e86_0 tblib 1.7.0 py_0 tensorboard 2.4.0 pypi_0 pypi tensorboard-plugin-wit 1.6.0 py_0 tensorflow 2.2.0 gpu_py37h1a511ff_0 tensorflow-base 2.2.0 gpu_py37h8a81be8_0 tensorflow-estimator 2.4.0 pypi_0 pypi tensorflow-gpu 2.4.0 pypi_0 pypi tensorflow-probability 0.12.0 pypi_0 pypi termcolor 1.1.0 py37_1 terminado 0.9.1 py37_0 testpath 0.4.4 py_0 threadpoolctl 2.1.0 pyh5ca1d4c_0 tifffile 2020.12.8 pyhd3eb1b0_0 tk 8.6.10 hbc83047_0 toml 0.10.1 py_0 toolz 0.11.1 py_0 tornado 6.1 py37h27cfd23_0 tqdm 4.54.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 traitlets 5.0.5 py_0 typed-ast 1.4.1 py37h7b6447c_0 typing_extensions 3.7.4.3 py_0 ujson 4.0.1 py37he6710b0_0 unicodecsv 0.14.1 py37_0 unixodbc 2.3.9 h7b6447c_0 urllib3 1.26.2 pyhd3eb1b0_0 watchdog 0.10.4 py37h06a4308_0 wcwidth 0.2.5 py_0 webencodings 0.5.1 py37_1 werkzeug 1.0.1 py_0 wheel 0.36.2 pyhd3eb1b0_0 widgetsnbextension 3.5.1 py37_0 wrapt 1.12.1 pypi_0 pypi wurlitzer 2.0.1 py37_0 xlrd 2.0.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 xlsxwriter 1.3.7 py_0 xlwt 1.3.0 py37_0 xmltodict 0.12.0 py_0 xz 5.2.5 h7b6447c_0 yaml 0.2.5 h7b6447c_0 yapf 0.30.0 py_0 zeromq 4.3.3 he6710b0_3 zict 2.0.0 py_0 zipp 3.4.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 zlib 1.2.11 h7b6447c_3 zope 1.0 py37_1 zope.event 4.5.0 py37_0 zope.interface 5.2.0 py37h27cfd23_0 zstd 1.4.5 h9ceee32_0 </pre>