在python GUI中显示打印输出？

Question

您好，我创建了这个函数，允许您计算麦克白剧本中的前X个单词，但是我想在我创建的gui中显示结果，不知道是否有人可以告诉我如何计算？我已经创建了该函数并对其进行了测试，但我不了解python gui，每当我尝试创建它时，都会遇到大量错误

#Imports
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
from collections import Counter
import collections

# Initialize the dictionary
wordcount = {}

#Function
#open Macbeth text file
file = open('Macbeth Entire Play.txt', encoding="utf8")
a= file.read()

n_print = int(input("How many most common words are: "))
print("\nThe {} most common words are as follows\n".format(n_print))
word_counter = collections.Counter(wordcount)
for word, count in word_counter.most_common(n_print):
    print(word, ": ", count)
# Close the file
file.close()

#Graphics
fullString = ""
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Count words")
root.geometry('400x400')

#Background Image Label
bg = PhotoImage(file = "./guibackground.gif")

# Show image using label 
label1 = Label( root, image = bg) 
label1.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor=CENTER) 

#Class Window
class Window:

     def __init__(self):

        self.root = tk.Tk()
        self.btn = tk.Button(text='Open File', command=self.open_file)
        self.btn.pack()
        self.btn = tk.Button(text='Exit', command=root.quit)
        self.btn.pack()
        self.lbl.pack()
        self.root.mainloop()

     def open_file(self):
    
       file = open('Macbeth Entire Play.txt', encoding="utf8")
a= file.read()

def word_count(self):
        for word in a.lower().split():
             word = word.replace(".","")
             word = word.replace(",","")
             word = word.replace(":","")
             word = word.replace("\"","")
             word = word.replace("!","")
             word = word.replace("“","")
             word = word.replace("‘","")
             word = word.replace("*","")
             if word not in wordcount:
                  wordcount[word] = 1
             else:
                  wordcount[word] += 1
        


    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    mainWindow = Window()
# root.mainloop()

Answer 1

在构建GUI时，我将为您提供一个通用示例。有几点我想评论一下

这不是一个好主意import tkinter as tk以及from tkinter import *，因为这可能会在以后的开发中导致混乱。一般来说，最好使用import tkinter as tk，因为这样您就可以始终看到小部件来自哪个模块

我建议不要混合使用平面和面向对象编程风格。如上所述，这可能会导致以后的混乱

使用描述性名称是个好主意，即使您只是创建并忘记了小部件，因为错误消息会告诉您有问题的对象的名称。而且一般来说，使用描述性名称更容易掌握应用程序。例如，GUI按钮可以改为：self.open_btn和self.exit_btn

当您使用文件时，您可以考虑使用^ {CD6>}语句，因为这增加了一层安全性；即使出现错误，它也不会使文件保持打开状态

我的例子使用了一个我经常自己使用的程序结构，这取决于我打算如何使用该程序。线程Best way to structure a tkinter application?中讨论了不同结构的优缺点

下面是一个例子，如果你愿意，你可以用它作为你努力的基石

import tkinter as tk

class Application(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        super().__init__()  # Call __init__() method in parent (tk.Frame)
        self.bg_image = tk.PhotoImage(file = "images/pilner.png")
        self.background = tk.Label( root, image=self.bg_image) 
        self.background.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor=tk.CENTER)
        
        self.open_btn = tk.Button(text='Open File', command=self.open_file)
        self.open_btn.pack(pady=(30,10))
        self.exit_btn = tk.Button(text='Exit', command=master.destroy)
        self.exit_btn.pack()

    def open_file(self):
        with open('Macbeth Entire Play.txt', encoding="utf8") as file:
            self.file_text = file.read()
        # Etc, etc.

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title("Count words")
    root.geometry('400x400+900+50')
    app = Application(root)
    app.pack(expand=True, fill='both')
    root.mainloop()

希望这能有所帮助