非空约束问题失败：帐户\u用户.course\u id

Question

我试图在django中创建一个多用户模型。我是一个使用django的初学者，因此不能得到我需要的确切结果。 尝试创建超级用户时出错

这是我的模特

*from django.db import models
from admin_dash.models import Course
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self,roll,phone,name,password=None):
        if not roll:
            raise ValueError('You Don't have Permission to do exam')
        user = self.model(
        roll=roll,
        phone=phone,
        name=name
    )
    user.set_password(password)
    user.save(using=self._db)
    return user
  def create_superuser(self,roll,phone,name, password):
       user = self.create_user(roll,phone,name,password=password)
       user.is_admin = True
       user.is_staff=True
       user.save(using=self._db)
       return user
class User(AbstractBaseUser):
    phone= models.CharField(verbose_name='phone number', max_length=12,unique=True)
    name=models.CharField(max_length=150,null=True)
    roll=models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name='roll',unique=True)
    course=models.ForeignKey(Course,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    date_joind=models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='date joind', auto_now_add=True)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_staff=models.BooleanField(default=False)
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'roll'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name','phone']
    objects = UserManager()
  def __str__(self):
      return self.name
  def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
     return self.is_admin

  def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
     return True*

这是我的管理员

*from django.contrib import admin
from .import models
# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(models.User)*

尝试创建超级用户时，我得到了以下回溯

    *Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 86, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 396, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
sqlite3.IntegrityError: NOT NULL constraint failed: accounts_user.course_id
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 328, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 79, in execute
    return super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 369, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 189, in handle
    self.UserModel._default_manager.db_manager(database).create_superuser(**user_data)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\projects\exam-master\accounts\models.py", line 21, in create_superuser
    user = self.create_user(roll,phone,name,password=password)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\projects\exam-master\accounts\models.py", line 16, in create_user
    user.save(using=self._db)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 66, in save
    super().save(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 745, in save
    self.save_base(using=using, force_insert=force_insert,
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 782, in save_base
    updated = self._save_table(
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 887, in _save_table
    results = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, returning_fields, raw)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 924, in _do_insert
    return manager._insert(
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 82, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1204, in _insert
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(returning_fields)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1391, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 100, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 68, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 86, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 90, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 86, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\freddyparc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 396, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
django.db.utils.IntegrityError: NOT NULL constraint failed: accounts_user.course_id*

提前谢谢

Answer 1

您需要将课程字段添加到自定义用户模型的必填字段中：

class User(AbstractBaseUser):
    phone= models.CharField(verbose_name='phone number', max_length=12,unique=True)
    name=models.CharField(max_length=150,null=True)
    roll=models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name='roll',unique=True)
    course=models.ForeignKey(Course,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    date_joind=models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='date joind', auto_now_add=True)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_staff=models.BooleanField(default=False)
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'roll'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name','phone', 'course']
    objects = UserManager()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        return self.is_admin

    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        return True

您还需要更改自定义用户管理器：

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self, phone, roll, course, password, name=None):
        if isinstance(course, int):
            course = Course.objects.get(pk=course)

        user = self.model(phone=phone, roll=roll, course=course, name=name)
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save()
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, phone, roll, course, password, name=None):
        user = self.create_user(phone=phone, roll=roll, course=course, password=password, name=name)
        user.is_staff = True
        user.is_admin = True
        user.save()
        return user

现在，当您运行命令python manage.py createsuperuser时，它会要求您输入一个课程（您需要插入要关联的课程实例的主键的值）