如何在SciPy正交距离回归（ODR）中使用Lambda函数？

Question

我正在尝试使用SciPy的ODR将不同的曲线拟合到相同的数据。为了简化此过程，我将每个候选函数定义为Lambda函数。然后，这个Lambda函数通过我自己的函数odr_fit()传递给ODR：

    if trend_name == 'linear':
        eps = odr_fit(f=lambda x, p: p[0]*x+p[1], xdata=x, ydata=y)
    elif trend_name == 'quadratic':
        eps = odr_fit(f=lambda x, p: p[0]*x**2+p[1]*x+p[2], xdata=x, ydata=y)
    # and so on....

odr_fit()函数定义如下：

def odr_fit(f, xdata, ydata):
    """
    Function to calculate orthogonal residuals given data and a function to fit
    :param f: function in the format f(x, p), where p is a list of parameters
    :param xdata: Pandas Series with independent variable
    :param ydata: Pandas Series of same length with dependent variable
    :return: eps: estimated orthogonal errors, same length as xdata and ydata
    """
    f = np.vectorize(f, excluded=['p'])
    model = Model(f)
    data = RealData(xdata, ydata)
    odr = ODR(data, model, beta0=[10]*3) # beta0 is an initial estimate. Should be the same length as p ideally as well
    odr_result = odr.run()
    return odr_result.eps

我的问题：在这段代码的某个地方，p（参数，Lambda函数的第二个参数）应该是标量。我希望它被看作一个列表或元组

IndexError: invalid index to scalar variable.

ODR还需要一个列表/元组（参见文档here）。当然，我可以单独定义每个函数，但这会很麻烦，也很难扩展。有没有办法让ODR使用Lambda函数工作？也许是某种可以强迫p成为某个长度的向量的东西

希望有人知道解决办法

谢谢

亚历克斯

编辑：以下是完整的错误：

ERROR - <class 'IndexError'>: invalid index to scalar variable.
<traceback object at 0x000001F4669271C8>
ERROR - <class 'IndexError'>: invalid index to scalar variable.
<traceback object at 0x000001F4669271C8>
ERROR - <class 'IndexError'>: invalid index to scalar variable.
<traceback object at 0x000001F4669271C8>
ERROR - <class 'IndexError'>: invalid index to scalar variable.
<traceback object at 0x000001F4669271C8>
ERROR - <class 'IndexError'>: invalid index to scalar variable.
<traceback object at 0x000001F4669271C8>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\...\features.py", line 296, in add_features
    data = _add_trend_features(data, col_trends={'x':'TemperatureOutsideAvgNight', 'y':'TemperatureInsideAvgNight'})
  File "C:\Users\...\trend_features.py", line 109, in _add_trend_features
    return_orth_dist=True)
  File "C:\Users\...\trend_features.py", line 88, in _add_trend_features
    eps = odr_fit(f=lambda x, p: p[0]*x+p[1], xdata=x, ydata=y)
  File "C:\Users\...\Documents\phil_anomaly_detection\phil_anomaly_detection\trend_features.py", line 23, in odr_fit
    odr = ODR(data, model, beta0=[10]*3)
  File "C:\Users\...\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\odr\odrpack.py", line 770, in __init__
    self._check()
  File "C:\Users\...\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\odr\odrpack.py", line 831, in _check
    res = self.model.fcn(*arglist)
  File "C:\Users\...\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\function_base.py", line 2091, in __call__
    return self._vectorize_call(func=func, args=vargs)
  File "C:\Users\...\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\function_base.py", line 2161, in _vectorize_call
    ufunc, otypes = self._get_ufunc_and_otypes(func=func, args=args)
  File "C:\Users\...\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\function_base.py", line 2121, in _get_ufunc_and_otypes
    outputs = func(*inputs)
  File "C:\Users\...\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\function_base.py", line 2086, in func
    return self.pyfunc(*the_args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\...\trend_features.py", line 88, in <lambda>
    eps = odr_fit(f=lambda x, p: p[0]*x+p[1], xdata=x, ydata=y)
IndexError: invalid index to scalar variable.

Process finished with exit code 1