如何在每次使用Django时设置它？（即使用**源代码bin/activate**和**python manage.py runserver**）

Question

我是Django的初学者，每次打开新的终端时，我都很困惑如何始终设置Django。无论何时，我都必须重新启动并执行以下操作：

1. 将目录（cd）更改为启动虚拟环境（source bin/activate）的mytrydjango目录

2. 当终端在(trydjango) lyons-MacBook-Air:trydjango lyons$最左边有自动(trydjango)后，我知道我已经启用了虚拟环境

3. 然后，我通过终端进入src目录，在那里输入python manage.py runserver

每当我进入runserver步骤（步骤3），我都会遇到一致的错误（例如AttributeError）。我做错什么了吗

以下是错误的完整回溯

(trydjango) lyons-MacBook-Air:src lyons$ python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x10d5a6b90>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 225, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 120, in inner_run
    self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 364, in check
    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 351, in _run_checks
    return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 73, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 13, in check_url_config
    return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 23, in check_resolver
    return check_method()
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 399, in check
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 36, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 540, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 36, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 533, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/src/trydjango/urls.py", line 22, in <module>
    path('', home_view, name='home'),
NameError: name 'home_view' is not defined
Performing system checks...

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x10d4a3b90>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 225, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 120, in inner_run
    self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 364, in check
    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 351, in _run_checks
    return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 73, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 13, in check_url_config
    return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 23, in check_resolver
    return check_method()
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 399, in check
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 36, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 540, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 36, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 533, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Users/lyons/Dev/trydjango/src/trydjango/urls.py", line 22, in <module>
    path('', views.home_view, name='home'),
AttributeError: module 'pages.views' has no attribute 'home_view'

视图.py

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
def home_view(*args, **kwargs): # args, kwargs
    return HttpResponse("<h1>Hello World</h1>") # string of HTML code 

url.py

"""trydjango URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from pages import views #from pages import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.home_view, name='home'),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

Answer 1

要告诉你启动一个项目的确切步骤并不容易

1. django-admin startproject new_project_name 创建新项目

2. manage.py runserver IP:Port 启动时运行服务器，http://127.0.0.1:8000/或http://localhost:8000/

3. manage.py startapp new_APP_name 在new_project_name中创建新应用程序

4. manage.py makemigrations 在new_project_name中告诉django项目已更改，然后构建迁移文件

5. manage.py migrate 在新项目中，更新项目名称

6. 在new_project_name/new_project_name/settings.py中 INSTALLED_APPS在new_APP_name\apps.py中添加带有new_APP_name.apps.new Appconfig subclass name的项

7. 例如，在new_project_name/new_project_name/URL.py中添加URL解析器

   from . import views
   
   urlpatterns = [
       path('', views.Topic, name='index')
   ]
   

8. 例如，在new_project_name/new_APP_name/admin.py register模型中

   from .models import Topic
   
   admin.site.register(Topic)