如何在分配给字典时拆分多个不同的分隔符

Question

为了练习如何使用字典变得更流利，我试图编写一个程序，读取月球大气的化学成分，并将元素及其估计成分分配为一个键值对，如下"NEON 20":40000

数据文件如下所示

Estimated Composition (night, particles per cubic cm):
Helium 4 - 40,000 ; Neon 20 - 40,000 ; Hydrogen - 35,000
Argon 40 - 30,000 ; Neon 22 - 5,000 ; Argon 36 - 2,000
Methane - 1000 ; Ammonia - 1000 ; Carbon Dioxide - 1000

到目前为止，我的代码如下所示：

def read_data(filename):
    dicti = {}

    with open(filename,"r") as infile:
        infile.readline()

        for line in infile:
            words = line.split(";")
            dicti[words[0]] = f"{words[1]}"

    for key in dicti:
        print(key, dicti[key])

read_data("atm_moon.txt")

我的问题是：

• 如何在"-"和";"上进行拆分
• 如何从该数据文件以简单而优雅的方式将元素及其估计的大气成分分配为键值对
• 如何使元素名称全部大写

有没有人愿意帮助一个菜鸟脱险？ 欢迎一切帮助

Answer 1

我觉得使用Python REPL来测试这一点更容易

$ python

>>> string = """\
Estimated Composition (night, particles per cubic cm):
Helium 4 - 40,000 ; Neon 20 - 40,000 ; Hydrogen - 35,000
Argon 40 - 30,000 ; Neon 22 - 5,000 ; Argon 36 - 2,000
Methane - 1000 ; Ammonia - 1000 ; Carbon Dioxide - 1000\
"""
>>> lines = string.split('\n')
>>> lines
['Estimated Composition (night, particles per cubic cm):', 'Helium 4 - 40,000 ; Neon 20 - 40,000 ; Hydrogen - 35,000', 'Argon 40 - 30,000 ; Neon 22 - 5,000 ; Argon 36 - 2,000', 'Methane - 1000 ; Ammonia - 1000 ; Carbon Dioxide - 1000']
>>> lines[1:]
['Helium 4 - 40,000 ; Neon 20 - 40,000 ; Hydrogen - 35,000', 'Argon 40 - 30,000 ; Neon 22 - 5,000 ; Argon 36 - 2,000', 'Methane - 1000 ; Ammonia - 1000 ; Carbon Dioxide - 1000']
>>> [line.split(' ; ') for line in lines[1:]]
[['Helium 4 - 40,000', 'Neon 20 - 40,000', 'Hydrogen - 35,000'], ['Argon 40 - 30,000', 'Neon 22 - 5,000', 'Argon 36 - 2,000'], ['Methane - 1000', 'Ammonia - 1000', 'Carbon Dioxide - 1000']]
>>> [line.split(' - ') for line in lines[1:] for line in line.split(' ; ')]
[['Helium 4', '40,000'], ['Neon 20', '40,000'], ['Hydrogen', '35,000'], ['Argon 40', '30,000'], ['Neon 22', '5,000'], ['Argon 36', '2,000'], ['Methane', '1000'], ['Ammonia', '1000'], ['Carbon Dioxide', '1000']]\

最后，创建具有所需映射的dictionary对象：

>>> dict([line.split(' - ') for line in lines[1:] for line in line.split(' ; ')])
{'Helium 4': '40,000', 'Neon 20': '40,000', 'Hydrogen': '35,000', 'Argon 40': '30,000', 'Neon 22': '5,000', 'Argon 36': '2,000', 'Methane': '1000', 'Ammonia': '1000', 'Carbon Dioxide': '1000'}

要根据需要转换键值对（即，将字典中的所有键大写并将所有值转换为int），可以使用辅助函数转换键值对，如下所示：

>>> transform = lambda x, y: (x.upper(), int(y.replace(',', '')))
>>> dict([transform(*name_line.split(' - ')) for line in lines[1:] for name_line in line.split(' ; ')])
{'HELIUM 4': 40000, 'NEON 20': 40000, 'HYDROGEN': 35000, 'ARGON 40': 30000, 'NEON 22': 5000, 'ARGON 36': 2000, 'METHANE': 1000, 'AMMONIA': 1000, 'CARBON DIOXIDE': 1000}