美国国旗竖直

Question

我正试着用我做的旧国旗做一个垂直的美国国旗，但我不知道该怎么做，因为我已经有一段时间没有这么做了

这是代码本身，它是一面美国国旗。我想知道如何使这张图片垂直

海军站在哪一边都不重要，只要线路断了，我试着改变一些数字，但结果到处都是

import turtle
import time


screen = turtle.getscreen()

screen.bgcolor("white")


oogway = turtle.Turtle()

oogway.speed(10)
oogway.penup()

oogway.shape("turtle")


flag_height = 250
flag_width = 475


start_x = -237
start_y = 125


stripe_height = flag_height/13
stripe_width = flag_width


star_size = 10


def draw_fill_rectangle(x, y, height, width, color):
    oogway.goto(x,y)
    oogway.pendown()
    oogway.color(color)
    oogway.begin_fill()
    oogway.forward(height)
    oogway.forward(90)
    oogway.forward(width)
    oogway.right(90)
    oogway.forward(width)
    oogway.right(90)
    oogway.forward(height)
    oogway.right(90)
    oogway.end_fill()
    oogway.penup()

def draw_star(x,y,color,length) :
    oogway.goto(x,y)
    oogway.setheading(0)
    oogway.pendown()
    oogway.begin_fill()
    oogway.color(color)
    for turn in range(0,5) :
        oogway.forward(length)
        oogway.right(144)
        oogway.forward(length)
        oogway.right(144)
    oogway.end_fill()
    oogway.penup()



def draw_stripes():
    x = start_x
    y = start_y

    for stripe in range(0,6):
        for color in ["red", "white"]:
            draw_fill_rectangle(x, y, stripe_height, stripe_width, color)

            y = y - stripe_height            


    draw_fill_rectangle(x, y, stripe_height, stripe_width, 'red')
    y = y - stripe_height



def draw_square():
    square_height = 133
    square_width =  185
    draw_fill_rectangle(start_x, start_y, square_height, square_width, 'navy')


def draw_six_stars_rows():
    gap_between_stars = 30
    gap_between_lines = stripe_height + 6
    y = 112
    # create 5 rows of stars
    for row in range(0,5) :
        x = -222
        # create 6 stars in each row
        for star in range (0,6) :
            draw_star(x, y, 'white', star_size)
            x = x + gap_between_stars
        y = y - gap_between_lines


def draw_five_stars_rows():
    gap_between_stars = 30
    gap_between_lines = stripe_height + 6
    y = 100
    # create 4 rows of stars
    for row in range(0,4) :
        x = -206
        # create 5 stars in each row
        for star in range (0,5) :
            draw_star(x, y, 'white', star_size)
            x = x + gap_between_stars
        y = y - gap_between_lines

# start after 5 seconds.
time.sleep(5)
# draw 13 stripes
draw_stripes()
# draw squares to hold stars
draw_square()
# draw 30 stars, 6 * 5
draw_six_stars_rows()
# draw 20 stars, 5 * 4. total 50 stars representing 50 states of USA
draw_five_stars_rows()
# hide the cursor/turtle
oogway.hideturtle()
# keep holding the screen until closed manually
screen.mainloop()

Answer 1

在我们讨论垂直标志问题之前，让我们重新讨论一下水平标志问题。您的代码给人一种错误的印象，认为它可以根据需要调整标志的大小：

flag_height = 250
flag_width = 475

但有太多的嵌入数字，无法让这种情况发生：

start_x = -237
start_y = 125
star_size = 10
square_height = 133
square_width =  185
gap_between_stars = 30
gap_between_lines = stripe_height + 6
y = 112
x = -222
y = 100
x = -206

因此，让我们重写您的代码，绘制一个没有所有嵌入数字的水平标志：

from turtle import Screen, Turtle

# Based on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States

FLAG_HOIST = 250
FLAG_FLY = FLAG_HOIST * 1.9

STRIPE_WIDTH = FLAG_HOIST/13

CANTON_HOIST = STRIPE_WIDTH * 7
CANTON_FLY = 2 * FLAG_FLY / 5

STAR_DIAMETER = 4 * STRIPE_WIDTH / 5

VERTICAL_STAR_GAP = -CANTON_HOIST/5
HORIZONTAL_STAR_GAP = CANTON_FLY/6

START_X = -FLAG_FLY/2
START_Y = FLAG_HOIST/2

def draw_fill_rectangle(x, y, width, height, color):
    turtle.color(color)
    turtle.goto(x, y)
    turtle.begin_fill()

    for _ in range(2):
        turtle.forward(width)
        turtle.right(90)
        turtle.forward(height)
        turtle.right(90)

    turtle.end_fill()

def draw_star(x, y, color, length):
    turtle.color(color)
    turtle.goto(x, y)
    turtle.setheading(0)
    turtle.pendown()

    turtle.begin_fill()
    for _ in range(5):
        turtle.forward(length)
        turtle.right(144)
    turtle.end_fill()

    turtle.penup()

def draw_stripes():
    y = START_Y

    for _ in range(6):
        for color in ['red', 'white']:
            draw_fill_rectangle(START_X, y, FLAG_FLY, STRIPE_WIDTH, color)

            y -= STRIPE_WIDTH

    draw_fill_rectangle(START_X, y, FLAG_FLY, STRIPE_WIDTH, 'red')

def draw_square():
    draw_fill_rectangle(START_X, START_Y, CANTON_FLY, CANTON_HOIST, 'navy')

def draw_six_stars_rows():
    y = START_Y + VERTICAL_STAR_GAP/2

    # create 5 rows of stars
    for _ in range(5):
        x = START_X + (HORIZONTAL_STAR_GAP/2 - STAR_DIAMETER/2)
        # create 6 stars in each row
        for _ in range(6):
            draw_star(x, y, 'white', abs(STAR_DIAMETER))
            x += HORIZONTAL_STAR_GAP
        y += VERTICAL_STAR_GAP

def draw_five_stars_rows():
    y = START_Y + VERTICAL_STAR_GAP

    # create 4 rows of stars
    for _ in range(4):
        x = START_X + (HORIZONTAL_STAR_GAP - STAR_DIAMETER/2)
        # create 5 stars in each row
        for _ in range(5):
            draw_star(x, y, 'white', abs(STAR_DIAMETER))
            x += HORIZONTAL_STAR_GAP
        y += VERTICAL_STAR_GAP

screen = Screen()

turtle = Turtle()
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.speed('fastest')
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.penup()

# draw 13 stripes
draw_stripes()
# draw squares to hold stars
draw_square()
# draw 30 stars, 6 * 5
draw_six_stars_rows()
# draw 20 stars, 5 * 4. total 50 stars representing 50 states of USA
draw_five_stars_rows()

screen.exitonclick()

现在我们已经抽象了代码，将标志垂直旋转就是将默认的0度航向替换为270度，翻转一些contant上的符号，并在goto()调用中反转x和y：

13c13
< STAR_DIAMETER = 4 * STRIPE_WIDTH / 5
 -
> STAR_DIAMETER = -4 * STRIPE_WIDTH / 5
16c16
< HORIZONTAL_STAR_GAP = CANTON_FLY/6
 -
> HORIZONTAL_STAR_GAP = -CANTON_FLY/6
18c18
< START_X = -FLAG_FLY/2
 -
> START_X = FLAG_FLY/2
23c23
<   turtle.goto(x, y)
 -
>   turtle.goto(y, x)
36,37c36,37
<   turtle.goto(x, y)
<   turtle.setheading(0)
 -
>   turtle.goto(y, x)
>   turtle.setheading(270)
91c91
< turtle.setheading(0)
 -
> turtle.setheading(270)