如何根据数据集以直线和不同的直线样式打印数据

Question

我有一个独特的数据集（行和列的数量可能因情况而异。）

0.0       0       0       0       0       0       0
0.5       0       0       0       0       0       0
2.0 156.626 156.626 138.354 138.354 138.354 138.354
2.5 156.626 156.626 138.354 138.354 138.354 138.354
4.0 287.268 287.268 289.808 289.808 271.829 276.304
4.5 287.268 287.268 289.808 289.808 271.829 276.304
6.0 418.931 426.263 418.933 426.259 273.572 273.559
6.5 418.931 426.263 418.933 426.259 273.572 273.559
8.0 417.211 417.21  417.207 417.211 417.207 417.212
8.5 417.211 417.21  417.207 417.211 417.207 417.212

正如您所看到的，它有一个独特的数据集组合（常量然后更改，常量然后更改）。我想在没有任何划线类型的实线中绘制常量数据集，而不在直线中的数据将在不同的划线类型中。 我需要一个脚本（gnuplot或matplotlib），可以按照附图绘制数据。在这个图中，我只显示了三行，作为示例

我已经创建了下面的gnuplot脚本，它给了我所需的绘图（），但它没有给我水平线，没有任何虚线类型的实线

CASE = "New.dat"
Xi=-2 ; Xf=22; Xs=1

AYf=500 ; AYs=100
reset
set terminal postscript eps enhanced size 20cm,20cm  color solid lw 3 "Times-Bold" 40
set output "data.eps" 
set multiplot \
    layout 1,1 rowsfirst \
    title "{/:Bold=40 }" \
    margins screen 0.15,0.85,0.11,0.950 \
    spacing screen 0.00,0.03

set key spacing 1.2
set    mxtics 2 
set    mytics 2
unset key
unset arrow
set arrow from Xi ,0.00 to Xf,000 nohead lw 3.5  lc rgb "blue" lt 0
set xrange [Xi:Xf]
set yrange [-50:AYf]
set key at graph 0.63, 0.95 font "Times-bold, 30"
set xtics Xi,Xs,Xf format ""
set ytics 0,AYs,AYf format "%g" font "Times-bold, 40"

plot CASE u 1:2 title "Path-1"  w l  lc 1 lw 3 dashtype 2 ,  CASE u 1:3 title "Path-2"  w l lc 2 lw 3 dashtype 3 , CASE u 1:4 title "Path-3" w l lc 4 lw 3 dashtype 4 , CASE u 1:5 title "Path-4" w l lc 6 lw 3 dashtype 5, CASE u 1:6 title "Path-5" w l  lc 7 lw 3 dashtype 6 , CASE u 1:7 title "Path-6" w l lc 9 lw 3 dashtype 9

这是theozh的剧本

Answer 1

计算与数据的平稳段和增加段相对应的指数。然后分段绘制。这是第一条路径的绘图。要绘制所有路径，可以使用另一个for循环。也许有一个更简单的解决方案，但这应该是可行的

# path data
x = np.array([0. , 0.5, 2. , 2.5, 4. , 4.5, 6. , 6.5, 8. , 8.5])
y = np.array([0., 0., 156.626, 156.626, 287.268, 287.268, 418.931, 418.931, 417.211, 417.211])

# indices of plateau and increasing
idx_plat = np.where(np.diff(y) == 0)[0]
idx_incr = np.where(np.diff(y) != 0)[0]

# color for first path
color = 'C0'

# text setup
texts = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']
off = 10 # y offset for text

# plot plateau and increasing segments in a loop
for i in range(len(idx_plat) - 1):
    x_sub = x[idx_plat[i]:idx_plat[i+1]]
    y_sub = y[idx_plat[i]:idx_plat[i+1]]
    
    plt.plot(x_sub, y_sub, linestyle = ' ', color = color)
    
    # annotate text
    plt.text(x_sub.mean(), y_sub[0] + off, texts[i])
    
for j in range(len(idx_incr) - 1):
    x_sub = x[idx_incr[j]:idx_incr[j+1]]
    y_sub = y[idx_incr[j]:idx_incr[j+1]]
    
    plt.plot(x_sub, y_sub, linestyle = '-', color = color)

# plot last segment twice with label to create legend
plt.plot(x_sub, y_sub, linestyle = '-', color = color, label = label)
plt.legend(loc = 'best')

Answer 2

在gnuplot中，我会这样做。 将数据绘制两次

1. with lines和不同的dashtype
2. 和水平线with vectors，但前提是y值不变

区分虚线有点困难，因为有些虚线彼此重叠。您需要对此进行一些优化

代码：

### plot intermittent horizontal lines 
reset session

$Data <<EOD
0.0       0       0       0       0       0       0
0.5       0       0       0       0       0       0
2.0 156.626 156.626 138.354 138.354 138.354 138.354
2.5 156.626 156.626 138.354 138.354 138.354 138.354
4.0 287.268 287.268 289.808 289.808 271.829 276.304
4.5 287.268 287.268 289.808 289.808 271.829 276.304
6.0 418.931 426.263 418.933 426.259 273.572 273.559
6.5 418.931 426.263 418.933 426.259 273.572 273.559
8.0 417.211 417.21  417.207 417.211 417.207 417.212
8.5 417.211 417.21  417.207 417.211 417.207 417.212
EOD

set key top left

set datafile missing NaN    # apparently necessary for gnuplot 5.2.2 

plot for [i=2:7] $Data u 1:i w l lw 2 lc i-1 dt i title sprintf("Path %d",i-1), \
     for [i=2:7] y1=x1=NaN $Data u (x0=x1,x1=column(1),x0):(y0=y1,y1=column(i)):(x1-x0):(y0==y1?0:NaN) w vectors lw 4 lc i-1 nohead notitle
### end of code

结果：