Django Rest框架嵌套关系

Question

我刚开始使用Django，我需要你的帮助

所以，我创建了一个这样的模型

models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Pegawai(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=60)
    alias = models.CharField(max_length=60)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Barang(models.Model):
    pegawai = models.ForeignKey(Pegawai,on_delete=models.CASCADE,related_name='barangs',)
    nama_barang = models.CharField(max_length=60)
    harga_barang = models.CharField(max_length=60)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.pegawai.name

我的序列化程序：

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers, fields

from .models import Pegawai,Barang


class BarangSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Barang
        fields = (
                'pegawai', 
                'nama_barang',
                'harga_barang',
                )

class PegawaiSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    barangs = BarangSerializer(read_only=True, many=True)
    class Meta:
        model = Pegawai
        fields = (
                'id',
                'name', 
                'alias',
                'barangs',
                )

我的看法：

views.py

from rest_framework import viewsets

from .serializers import PegawaiSerializer,BarangSerializer
from .models import Pegawai,Barang

class BarangViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Barang.objects.all().order_by('nama_barang')
    serializer_class = BarangSerializer

class PegawaiViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Pegawai.objects.all().order_by('name')
    serializer_class = PegawaiSerializer

结果：

{
    "id": 5,
    "name": "Ryan",
    "alias": "R",
    "barangs": [
        {
            "pegawai": 5,
            "nama_barang": "burjo",
            "harga_barang": "1234"
        },

问题：如何将pegawai字段从id更改为名称？像这样：

{
    "id": 5,
    "name": "Ryan",
    "alias": "R",
    "barangs": [
        {
            "pegawai": Ryan,
            "nama_barang": "burjo",
            "harga_barang": "1234"
        },

我已经找到了一些解决方案，但没有任何效果，我不知道问题出在哪里，所以我需要你的指导。干杯

Answer 1

use serializers.CharField.

class BarangSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    pegawali=serializers.CharField(source="pegawali.name")
    class Meta:
        model = Barang
        fields = (
            'pegawai', 
            'nama_barang',
            'harga_barang',
            )

Answer 2

您可以使用DRF RelatedField更改序列化程序中的字段值：

class BarangSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    pegawai = serializers.RelatedField(source='pegawai.name', read_only=True)
    class Meta:
        model = Barang
        fields = (
                'pegawai', 
                'nama_barang',
                'harga_barang',
                )

Answer 3

方法1

由于在Pegawai模型中定义了__str__()方法，因此可以使用^{}

class BarangSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    pegawai = serializers.StringRelatedField()

    class Meta:
        model = Barang
        fields = (
            'pegawai',
            'nama_barang',
            'harga_barang',
        )

方法2

使用^{}

class BarangSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    pegawai = serializers.CharField(source='pegawai.name')

    class Meta:
        model = Barang
        fields = (
            'pegawai',
            'nama_barang',
            'harga_barang',
        )

---

更新-1

要在创建模型对象时解决问题，请重写to_representation()方法

class BarangSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Barang
        fields = (
            'pegawai',
            'nama_barang',
            'harga_barang',
        )

    def to_representation(self, instance):
        rep = super().to_representation(instance)
        rep['pegawai'] = instance.pegawai.name
        return rep