Django我想将用户投票限制为每24小时一次，但我限制为每篇文章，而不是每个用户

Question

我想请你帮忙。我想创建一个简单的问题投票系统。我成功了，然后我想限制用户每24小时只投票一次，但我失败了

我知道我想要实现什么，但我不知道如何编写代码

现在，由于我的错误，我限制每24小时对这个问题投票一次。相反，我想限制一个用户每24小时就每个问题投票一次。所以我犯了一个愚蠢的错误。这是我的错误代码：

models.py：

class Question(models.Model):
    question = models.CharField(max_length=300)
    answered = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    datecompleted = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    votesscore = models.IntegerField(default='0')
    votescoresubmitted = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    amountofvotes = models.IntegerField(default='0')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question

views.py：

@login_required()
def questionvoteup(request, question_pk):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_pk, user=request.user)
    if request.is_ajax() and request.method == "POST":
        if question.votescoresubmitted is None or timezone.now() > question.votescoresubmitted + timedelta(minutes=1440):
            question.votesscore += 1
            question.amountofvotes += 1
            question.votescoresubmitted = timezone.now()
            question.save()
            data = {
                "msg": 'Thank you for your vote!'
            }
            return JsonResponse(data)
        else:
            raise forms.ValidationError("You can vote only one time every 24 hours.")
    else:
        return HttpResponse(400, 'Invalid form')

现在我看得很清楚。我认为我需要将这个“votescoresubmitted”添加到用户类中，并使它在某种程度上对每个问题都是唯一的。但我想不出该如何处理这个问题。我将非常感谢你的帮助

多谢各位

---

编辑：

我与之斗争，我提出了额外的模型，应该存储有关投票的信息。现在，我的代码如下所示： models.py：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


class Question(models.Model):
    question = models.CharField(max_length=300)
    answered = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    datecompleted = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question


class Answer(models.Model):
    question_id = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=False, null=True)
    answer = models.TextField(max_length=1000)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.answer


class VoteQuestion(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    question_id = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=False, null=True)
    votesubmitted = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    votesscore = models.IntegerField(default='0')
    amountofvotes = models.IntegerField(default='0')

views.py：

@login_required()
def questionvoteup(request, question_pk):
    votequestion = get_object_or_404(VoteQuestion, pk=question_pk, user=request.user)
    current_time = timezone.now()
    if request.is_ajax() and request.method == "POST":
        if not votequestion.votesubmitted or current_time > votequestion.votesubmitted + timedelta(days=1):
            votequestion.votesscore += 1
            votequestion.amountofvotes += 1
            votequestion.votesubmitted = current_time
            votequestion.save()
            msg = "Thank you for your vote!"
        else:
            msg = "You can vote only one time every 24 hours."
        data = {"msg": msg}
        return JsonResponse(data)
    else:
        return HttpResponse(400, 'Invalid form')

和home.html（我在其中触发投票）：

<ul>
    {% for question in allquestionswithanswers %}
    <li>
        {{ question }} Score: {{ VoteQuestion.votesscore }} {{ question.user }}
        <br><br>

        <form class='my-ajax-form' method='POST' action='' data-url="{% url 'questionvoteup' question.id %}" >
        {% csrf_token %}
        <button type='submit'>UP</button>
        </form>



        {% for answer in question.answer_set.all %}
            {{ answer }}<br>
        {% endfor %}
    </li>
    {% endfor %}

</ul>

然而，在我点击“向上”后，我得到了错误：

Page not found at /viewquestion/6/voteup
No VoteQuestion matches the given query.

Answer 1

有几种方法可以做到这一点：

• 将投票记录为与用户和问题关联的独立对象
• 将用户的投票历史记录作为该用户对象的一部分

第一种方法是创建一个投票对象，其中包含相关字段user和question（多对一关系^{}）。这样做几乎总是比较容易

第二种方法是，向用户模型添加一个自定义字段，以跟踪该用户的投票历史。见extending Django’s default User

也许，在你看来，不要ValidationError也要传达一个信息：

@login_required
def questionvoteup(request, question_pk):
    if request.is_ajax() and request.method == "POST":
        current_time = timezone.now()
        votequestion, created = VoteQuestion.objects.get_or_create(question_id=question_pk, user=request.user)
        if not votequestion.votescoresubmitted or current_time > votequestion.votescoresubmitted + timedelta(days=1):
            votequestion.votesscore += 1
            votequestion.amountofvotes += 1
            votequestion.votescoresubmitted = current_time
            votequestion.save()
            msg = "Thank you for your vote!"
        else:
            msg = "You can vote only one time every 24 hours."
        data = {
            "msg": msg
        }
        return JsonResponse(data)
    else:
        return HttpResponse(400, 'Invalid form')

以及您的VoteQuestion模型：

class VoteQuestion(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    votesubmitted = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    votesscore = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    amountofvotes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    class Meta:
        unique_together = ['user', 'question']