ValueError:无法解析相关模型“WagtailImage.Image”

Question

我刚刚开始尝试为一个基于Django和Wagtail CMS的博客编写测试。当我运行python manage.py test时，这是我从终端得到的结果

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 23, in run_from_argv
    super().run_from_argv(argv)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 53, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 629, in run_tests
    old_config = self.setup_databases(aliases=databases)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 554, in setup_databases
    self.parallel, **kwargs
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/test/utils.py", line 174, in setup_databases
    serialize=connection.settings_dict.get('TEST', {}).get('SERIALIZE', True),
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/creation.py", line 72, in create_test_db
    run_syncdb=True,
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 148, in call_command
    return command.execute(*args, **defaults)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 83, in wrapped
    res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 234, in handle
    fake_initial=fake_initial,
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 117, in migrate
    state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 147, in _migrate_all_forwards
    state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 245, in apply_migration
    state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 124, in apply
    operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/fields.py", line 249, in database_forwards
    schema_editor.alter_field(from_model, from_field, to_field)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/schema.py", line 137, in alter_field
    super().alter_field(model, old_field, new_field, strict=strict)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 507, in alter_field
    new_db_params = new_field.db_parameters(connection=self.connection)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 966, in db_parameters
    return {"type": self.db_type(connection), "check": self.db_check(connection)}
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 963, in db_type
    return self.target_field.rel_db_type(connection=connection)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 878, in target_field
    return self.foreign_related_fields[0]
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 632, in foreign_related_fields
    return tuple(rhs_field for lhs_field, rhs_field in self.related_fields if rhs_field)
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 619, in related_fields
    self._related_fields = self.resolve_related_fields()
  File "/home/alvindera/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 604, in resolve_related_fields
    raise ValueError('Related model %r cannot be resolved' % self.remote_field.model)
ValueError: Related model 'wagtailimages.Image' cannot be resolved

我完全不知道什么是错的，也不知道该怎么办，因为我不知道错误到底指向了什么。谢谢你的期待

这是我的settings.py文件：

"""
Django settings for ixorabloom_blog project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.8.5.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/
"""

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'static'),  # just know that the value of this guy is where the working static files are
)

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '##########################################'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['127.0.0.1', 'ixorabloom.pythonanywhere.com', ]

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'wagtail.contrib.modeladmin',
    'wagtail.contrib.forms',
    'wagtail.contrib.redirects',
    'wagtail.contrib.styleguide',
    'wagtail.contrib.routable_page',
    'wagtail.embeds',
    'wagtail.sites',
    'wagtail.users',
    'wagtail.snippets',
    'wagtail.documents',
    'wagtail.images',
    'wagtail.search',
    'wagtail.admin',
    'wagtail.core',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'blog_index',
    'blog',
    'ixorabloom_users',
    'django_unused_media',
    'modelcluster',
    'taggit',
)

MIDDLEWARE = (
    'wagtail.core.middleware.SiteMiddleware',
    'wagtail.contrib.redirects.middleware.RedirectMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'ixorabloom_blog.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'blog_index/templates'),
                 os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'blog/templates'),
                 os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'ixorabloom_users/templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'ixorabloom_blog.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

WAGTAIL_SITE_NAME = 'Ixorabloom The Blog!'

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'Africa/Lagos'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'ixorabloom_blog/new_static')

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'ixorabloom_blog/media')

LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = '/'

从上面的settings.py文件中，该项目是在Django版本“1.8.5”上启动的。现在，该项目一直在不断更新，直到它达到Django版本“2.2.2”

在Wagtail CMS后来被添加到该项目之前，该项目是自己启动的（使用vanilla Django）。这解释了为什么没有settings.base.py和settings.dev.py文件。只有settings.py