Python中的CreateConsolesScreenbuffer

Question

我用Python编写了一个在控制台中运行的3D游戏。为了防止它闪烁，我必须将要显示的内容写入ConsoleScreenBuffer。文件是this。我知道我必须使用：

import win32console
buffer = win32console.CreateConsoleScreenBuffer()

但是CreateConsoleScreenBuffer()的参数是什么？文件中说：

HANDLE WINAPI CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(
  _In_             DWORD                dwDesiredAccess,
  _In_             DWORD                dwShareMode,
  _In_opt_   const SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES *lpSecurityAttributes,
  _In_             DWORD                dwFlags,
  _Reserved_       LPVOID               lpScreenBufferData
);

这在C中。help(win32console.CreateConsoleScreenBuffer)没有提供有用的信息。前两个参数是int，第二个是“PySECURITY_ATTRIBUTES”-对象，第三个也是int（我想是吧？）

CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(DesiredAccess, ShareMode, SecurityAttributes, Flags)

DesiredAccess=GENERIC_READ and GENERIC_WRITE : int
GENERIC_READ and/or GENERIC_WRITE
ShareMode=FILE_SHARE_READ and FILE_SHARE_WRITE : int
FILE_SHARE_READ and/or FILE_SHARE_WRITE
SecurityAttributes=None : PySECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
Specifies security descriptor and inheritance for handle
Flags=CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER : int
CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER is currently only valid flag

我没有发现任何在线实施的例子

如果您知道任何其他使控制台绘制更快的方法，请告诉我

这是我的（不是喷气机）游戏。它会闪烁，因为它绘制得不够快。我遵循的教程是C++，使用CreateConsoleScreenBuffer消除闪烁，因为所有的东西都是一次绘制而不是绘制。 相继地

import os
import time
import math
import threading


hardMap = [
    ["#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
    ["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
    ["#","#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
    ["#","#","#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#","#"],
        ["#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#"],

      ]


gameMap = "".join(["".join(hardMap[n]) for n in range(len(hardMap))])

notDone = True

rotationSpeed = 0.02

playerX = 5
playerY = 5
playerA = 0

fov = 4
fov = math.pi / fov

depth = 20

fps = 30

screenWidth = 120
screenHeight = 40
os.system(f'mode con: cols={screenWidth} lines={screenHeight}')

screen = [" " for n in range(screenHeight * screenWidth)]
mapWidth = len(hardMap[0])
mapHeight = len(hardMap)



def printScreen(string):
    os.system('cls')
    time.sleep(0.01)
    for x in [string[i:i+screenWidth] for i in range(0,len(string),screenWidth)]:
        print("".join(x))
    
c = 0
while(notDone):
    c += 1
    playerA = playerA + rotationSpeed
    startTime = time.time()
    
    for x in range(screenWidth):
        rayAngle = (playerA - fov / 2) + ((x / screenWidth) * fov)
        distanceToWall = 0
        hitWall = False
        shade = " "
        
        eyeX = math.sin(rayAngle)
        eyeY = math.cos(rayAngle)

        """
        with open("log.txt","a") as f:
            f.write("x"+str(eyeX)+"\n")
            f.write("y"+str(eyeY)+"\n")
            f.write("h"+str(mapHeight)+"\n")
            f.write("w"+str(mapWidth)+"\n")
            f.write("\n")
        """
        
        while not hitWall and distanceToWall < depth:
            distanceToWall = distanceToWall + 0.1
 
            testX = int(playerX + eyeX * distanceToWall)
            testY = int(playerY + eyeY * distanceToWall)

            if testX < 0 or testX >= mapWidth or testY < 0 or testY>= mapHeight:
                hitWall = True
                distanceToWall = depth
                 
            elif gameMap[testY * mapWidth + testX] == "#":    
                    hitWall = True
                
                
        ceiling = int((screenHeight / 2.0) - (screenHeight / distanceToWall))
        floor = screenHeight - ceiling  

        for y in range(screenHeight):

    
            

            
            if y < ceiling:
                screen[y * ceiling + x] = " "
            elif y > ceiling and y <= floor:
                
                if distanceToWall <= depth / 4: shade = u"\u2588"
                elif distanceToWall < depth / 3: shade = u"\u2593"
                elif distanceToWall < depth / 2: shade = u"\u2592"
                elif distanceToWall < depth / 1: shade = u"\u2591"
                else: shade = " "
        
                screen[y * screenWidth + x] = shade
                
            else:

                b = 1.0 - ((y - screenHeight / 2.0) / (screenHeight/2))

                if b < 0.25: shade = "#"
                elif b < 0.5: shade = "X"
                elif b < 0.75: shade = "."
                elif b < 0.9: shade = "-"
                else: shade = " "
                
                screen[y * screenWidth + x] = shade
                
    printScreen(screen)
    """
    with open("log.txt","a") as f:
            f.write(str("\n".join(screen)))
            f.write("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n")
    """
    time.sleep(max(1./fps - (time.time() - startTime), 0))

Answer 1

我假设您正在学习javid/OLC的控制台FPS教程

简单的答案是：您需要win32con和win32console，下面是一个更好的答案

有点晚了，但是这个页面：win32console docs @ Tim Golden和PyConsoleScreenBuffer Object @ Tim Golden对于解决这个问题非常有用。有两种方法可以做到这一点。一个是使用win32console and win32con，另一个是使用ANSI转义序列。实际上，您所要做的就是将光标移动到控制台上的0,0处进行打印。这里是方法一：

import win32console, win32con, time
myConsole = win32console.CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(DesiredAccess = win32con.GENERIC_READ | win32con.GENERIC_WRITE, ShareMode=0, SecurityAttributes=None, Flags=1) # create screen buffer
myConsole.SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer() # set this buffer to be active
myConsole.WriteConsole("Hello World!") # Effectively the print func.
myConsole.WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(Characters="Hello World!\0", WriteCoord=win32console.PyCOORDType(5,5)) # Print at coordinates

time.sleep(3) # this must be called or you won't see results. This is because after running the code (because there is no loop) the cmd.exe takes the console over.

这在控制台FPS中应该可以正常工作（使用WriteConsoleOutputCharacter）。只要把命令放在javid放的地方就可以了。第二种方法是使用colorama/ANSI序列将光标返回到起始位置。这种方法可以总结为：os.system("echo \033[0;0H")。不能使用print函数使用转义序列，它们不受支持（使用colorama除外）。以下是一个例子：

from colorama import init
from os import system
init() # I bother with this because I use colors too. Echo prints slower than print, so don't use echo if you can avoid it.

# ... game
# ... generate string to print
print(frame) # or just use you method of printing each line.
system("echo \033[0;0H") # return cursor to home position, ready for next frame.

我希望这有帮助天空