外星人入侵游戏外星人离开屏幕

Question

我正在制作《Python速成教程》中的外星人入侵游戏项目，并被困在外星人舰队应该向右移动的部分，直到他们到达屏幕的右边缘，改变方向并向左移动，等等

问题是我的外星人确实改变了方向，但只有当区块中的第一个外星人（第一个一直在左边）击中屏幕的右边缘时才会改变方向。他右边的所有外星人都越过了右边的边缘

它似乎无法识别右边外星人的直肠，应该先击中右边边缘，但只有左边第一个外星人的直肠

1. Starting Position Image

2. The Problem Image

我严格按照书中的说明进行操作，现在我检查了3次问题所在。你能帮我找到问题吗

外星人入侵.py

import sys
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien

class AlienInvasion:
    """Overall class to manage game assets and behavior."""

    def __init__(self):
        """Initialize the game, and create game resources."""
        pygame.init()
        self.settings = Settings()
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.FULLSCREEN)
        self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
        self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
        self.ship = Ship(self)
        self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()

        self._create_fleet()

        # Set the background color.
        self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)

    def run_game(self):
        """Start the main loop for the game."""
        while True:
            self._check_events()
            self.ship.update()
            self._update_bullets()
            self._update_aliens()
            self._update_screen()

    def _check_events(self):
        """Respond to keypresses and mouse events."""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_events(event)   
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self._check_keyup_events(event)

    def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
        """Respond to keypresses."""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            # Move the ship to the right.
            self.ship.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            # Move the ship to the left.
            self.ship.moving_left = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
            # Exit the game after pressing Q:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
            self._fire_bullet()

    def _check_keyup_events(self, event):
        """Respond to keypresses."""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            # Stop moving the ship to the right.
            self.ship.moving_right = False
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            # Stop moving the ship to the left.
            self.ship.moving_left = False

    def _fire_bullet(self):
        """Create a new bullet and add it to the bullets group."""
        if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
            new_bullet = Bullet(self)
            self.bullets.add(new_bullet)

    def _update_bullets(self):
        """Update position of bullets and get rid of old bullets."""
        # Update bullets positions.
        self.bullets.update()

        # Get rid of bullets that have dissapeared.
        for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
            if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
                self.bullets.remove(bullet)

    def _update_aliens(self):
        """Check if the fleet is at an edge, then update the positions of all aliens in the fleet."""
        self._check_fleet_edges()
        """Update the positios of all aliens in the fleet."""
        self.aliens.update()

    def _create_fleet(self):
        """Create a fleet of aliens."""
        # Create an alien and find the number of aliens in a row.
        # Spacing between each alien is equal to one alien width.
        alien = Alien(self)
        alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
        available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
        number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)

        # Determine the number of rows of aliens that fit on the screen.
        ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
        available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
        number_rows = available_space_y // (4 * alien_height)

        # Create the full fleet of aliens.
        for row_number in range(number_rows):
            for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
                self._create_alien(alien_number, row_number)
            
    def _create_alien(self, alien_number, row_number):
        # Create an alien and place it in the row.
        alien = Alien(self)
        alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
        alien.x = alien_width + 4 * alien_width * alien_number
        alien.rect.x = alien.x
        alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 3 * alien.rect.height * row_number
        self.aliens.add(alien)

    def _check_fleet_edges(self):
        """Respond appropriately if any aliens have reached an edge."""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            if alien.check_edges():
                self._change_fleet_direction()
            break

    def _change_fleet_direction(self):
        """Drop the entire fleet and change the fleet's direction."""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
        self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1

    def _update_screen(self):
        """Update images on the screen, and flip to the new screen."""
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.ship.blitme()
        for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
            bullet.draw_bullet()
        self.aliens.draw(self.screen)

        pygame.display.flip()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Make a game instance, and run the game.
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

设置.py

class Settings:
    """A class to store all settings for Alien Invasion."""

    def __init__(self):
        """Initialize the game's settings."""
        # Screen settings
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
        self.ship_speed = 1.5

        # Bullet settings
        self.bullet_speed = 1.0
        self.bullet_width = 3
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = (60, 60, 60)
        self.bullets_allowed = 3

        # Alien settings
        self.alien_speed = 1.0
        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
        # fleet_direction of 1 represents right; -1 represents left.
        self.fleet_direction = 1

alien.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):
    """A class to represent a single alien in the fleet."""

    def __init__(self, ai_game):
        """Initialize the alien and set its starting postion."""
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings

        # Load the alien image and set its rect attribute.
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        # Start each new alien near the top left of the screen.
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height

        # Store the alien's exact horizontal position.
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

    def check_edges(self):
        """Return True if an alien is at edge of screen."""
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0:
            return True

    def update(self):
        """Move the alien right or left."""
        self.x += self.settings.alien_speed * self.settings.fleet_direction
        self.rect.x = self.x

Answer 1

这是个问题。你需要找到第一个击中边缘的外星人，然后打破循环。实际上，您总是在列表中第一个敌人之后打破循环：

class AlienInvasion:
    # [...]

    def _check_fleet_edges(self):
        """Respond appropriately if any aliens have reached an edge."""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            if alien.check_edges():
                self._change_fleet_direction()

                # >| INDENTATION
                break
            
            # break <  DELETE