Django通道Websocket连接失败

Question

我目前正在尝试安装Django Channels聊天应用程序，并且我已经尽我所知遵循了文档-显然，当事情不顺利时，总会有一个解决方案，但我只是很难找出我在让它工作时出了什么问题

到目前为止，我已经安装了Django频道，在settings.py中正确配置了我的channel_层，我已经通过创建我的consumer.py文件、utils.py、views.py和chat.html模板文件引用了文档和其他在线教程

我还配置了nginx、gunicorn、daphne和redis，我可以确认所有这些服务都在运行。我已经安装了LetsEncrypt并允许使用SSL端口（443用于https连接）

我目前正在现场制作服务器上访问Django网站，如下所示：https://mydomain:8001 我的聊天室的直接链接配置为https://mydomain:8001/messenger

（我已允许端口8001通过防火墙）

以下是我从聊天页面收到的状态消息：

SUCCESS {response: "Successfully got the chat.", chatroom_id: 1}chatroom_id: 1response: "Successfully got the chat."__proto__: Object
(index):303 setupWebSocket: 1
(index):371 ChatSocket connecting..
WebSocket connection to 'wss://www.<mydomain>.com:8001/messenger/1/' failed: 
setupWebSocket @ (index):317
success @ (index):389
c @ jquery.min.js
fireWith @ jquery.min.js
l @ jquery.min.js
(anonymous) @ jquery.min.js
ChatSocket error Event {isTrusted: true, type: "error", target: WebSocket, currentTarget: WebSocket, eventPhase: 2, …}bubbles: falsecancelBubble: falsecancelable: falsecomposed: falsecurrentTarget: WebSocket {url: "wss://<mydomain>:8001/messenger/1/", readyState: 3, bufferedAmount: 0, onopen: null, onOpen: ƒ, …}defaultPrevented: falseeventPhase: 0isTrusted: truepath: []returnValue: truesrcElement: WebSocket {url: "wss://<mydomain>:8001/messenger/1/", readyState: 3, bufferedAmount: 0, onopen: null, onOpen: ƒ, …}target: WebSocket {url: "wss://<mydomain>:8001/messenger/1/", readyState: 3, bufferedAmount: 0, onopen: null, onOpen: ƒ, …}timeStamp: 43973.62500001327type: "error"__proto__: Event
(index):357 Chat socket closed.

如果您能帮助解决此问题，我们将不胜感激。如果您能建议您应该查看哪些文件，我将很高兴地用我的聊天应用程序所需文件的内容更新我的问题。：-）

谢谢大家!

文件内容：

nginx.conf

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name myapp mydomain.com www.mydomain.com;

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location /static/ {
        root /home/myapp;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_pass http://unix:/home/myapp/myapp.sock;
    }
    
    location /ws/ {
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_pass https://127.0.0.1:8001;
    }
    
    location /wss/ {
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
                proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8001;
                proxy_http_version 1.1;
                proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
                proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
        }
}

routing.py

from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.security.websocket import AllowedHostsOriginValidator
from django.urls import path, re_path

from messenger.consumers import ChatConsumer


application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    'websocket': AllowedHostsOriginValidator(
        AuthMiddlewareStack(
            URLRouter([
                
                    path('messenger/<room_id>/', ChatConsumer),
                    
            ])
        )
    ),
})

设置.py

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
        'CONFIG': {
            "hosts": [('127.0.0.1', 6379)],
        },
    },
}

我在控制台中收到错误：(index):317 WebSocket connection to 'wss://www.mydomain.com:8001/messenger/1/' failed:

（上面写着mydomain.com，我的实际域是在那里输入的：）

来自journalctl

Jun 21 14:22:56 myhostname.com python3[36088]: 2021-06-21 14:22:56,576 INFO     Starting server at ssl:8001:privateKey=/etc/letsencrypt/live/mydomain.com/privkey.pem:certKey=/etc/let>
Jun 21 14:22:56 myhostname.com python3[36088]: 2021-06-21 14:22:56,576 INFO     HTTP/2 support not enabled (install the http2 and tls Twisted extras)
Jun 21 14:22:56 myhostname.com python3[36088]: 2021-06-21 14:22:56,577 INFO     Configuring endpoint ssl:8001:privateKey=/etc/letsencrypt/live/mydomain.com/privkey.pem:certKey=/etc/l>
Jun 21 14:22:56 myhostname.com python3[36088]: 2021-06-21 14:22:56,584 INFO     Listening on TCP address 0.0.0.0:8001

Daphne日志中的错误

Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]: Traceback (most myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/routing.py", line 71, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await application(scope, receive, send)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/security/websocket.py", line 37, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await self.application(scope, send, receive)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/sessions.py", line 47, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await self.inner(dict(scope, cookies=cookies), receive, send)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/sessions.py", line 254, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await self.inner(wrapper.scope, receive, wrapper.send)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/auth.py", line 181, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/middleware.py", line 26, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await self.inner(scope, receive, send)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/routing.py", line 160, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     send,
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/asgiref/compatibility.py", line 33, in new_application
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     instance = application(scope)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/generic/websocket.py", line 159, in __init__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]: TypeError: object.__init__() takes no parameters

Answer 1

我认为问题在于配置。在nginx中，您必须指定URL前缀，而不是协议，也不需要同时添加ws和wss。nginx配置必须与此类似

location /ws/ {
    proxy_set_header Host               $http_host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP          $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For    $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host   $server_name;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto  $scheme;
    proxy_set_header X-Url-Scheme       $scheme;
    proxy_redirect off;

    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;

    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8001;
}

因此，要通过Websocket协议进行连接，您必须访问wss://www.<mydomain>.com:8001/ws/下的内容。为此，asgi路由还必须包含ws前缀。此外，您应该在使用者上使用as_asgi()。（https://channels.readthedocs.io/en/stable/topics/routing.html）

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    'websocket': AllowedHostsOriginValidator(
        AuthMiddlewareStack(
            URLRouter([
                    path('ws/messenger/<room_id>/', ChatConsumer.as_asgi()), 
            ])
        )
    ),
})

现在您应该能够连接到wss://www.<mydomain>.com:8001/ws/messenger/1/（不要忘记ws！）

Answer 2

终于让Django频道工作了（终于让我的Websocket连接工作了）——非常感谢Alexandr的帮助

从日志中，我发现以下错误： ERROR: TypeError: object.__init__() takes exactly one argument (the instance to initialize)

我忘了在我呼叫聊天室消费者的地方加上as_asgi()。因此，我将路由路径从：

path('ws/messenger/<room_id>/', ChatConsumer),

到

path('ws/messenger/<room_id>/', ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),

我的Websocket现在已打开并已成功连接！快乐的日子

再次非常感谢你的帮助Alexandr