pyclipper安装错误：“tp_print不是_typeobject的成员”

Question

我正在尝试安装pyclipper以与其他工具一起使用https://github.com/googlefonts/nototools但我无法安装pyclipper。我认为VisualStudioBuildTools中有一些东西

Collecting pyclipper==1.1.0.post1
  Using cached pyclipper-1.1.0.post1.zip (135 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: pyclipper
  Building wheel for pyclipper (PEP 517) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: 'c:\users\phuwi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\python.exe' 'c:\users\phuwi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\Users\phuwi\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpwa7t8eac'
       cwd: C:\Users\phuwi\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ejg_l8me\pyclipper_be85d240fbf84e1388f6c535a16010eb
  Complete output (26 lines):
  Distribution mode: Compiling Cython generated .cpp sources.
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_ext
  building 'pyclipper' extension
  creating build
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.9
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.9\Release
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.9\Release\pyclipper
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.28.29333\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -Ic:\users\phuwi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\include -Ic:\users\phuwi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.28.29333\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\ucrt -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\shared -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\um -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\winrt -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\cppwinrt /EHsc /Tppyclipper/clipper.cpp /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.9\Release\pyclipper/clipper.obj
  clipper.cpp
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.28.29333\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -Ic:\users\phuwi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\include -Ic:\users\phuwi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.28.29333\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\ucrt -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\shared -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\um -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\winrt -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\cppwinrt /EHsc /Tppyclipper/pyclipper.cpp /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.9\Release\pyclipper/pyclipper.obj
  pyclipper.cpp
  pyclipper/pyclipper.cpp(7938): warning C4267: '=': conversion from 'size_t' to 'int', possible loss of data
  pyclipper/pyclipper.cpp(8068): warning C4267: '=': conversion from 'size_t' to 'int', possible loss of data
  pyclipper/pyclipper.cpp(9405): error C2039: 'tp_print': is not a member of '_typeobject'
  c:\users\phuwi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\include\cpython/object.h(193): note: see declaration of '_typeobject'
  pyclipper/pyclipper.cpp(9413): error C2039: 'tp_print': is not a member of '_typeobject'
  c:\users\phuwi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\include\cpython/object.h(193): note: see declaration of '_typeobject'
  pyclipper/pyclipper.cpp(9421): error C2039: 'tp_print': is not a member of '_typeobject'
  c:\users\phuwi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\include\cpython/object.h(193): note: see declaration of '_typeobject'
  pyclipper/pyclipper.cpp(9427): error C2039: 'tp_print': is not a member of '_typeobject'
  c:\users\phuwi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\include\cpython/object.h(193): note: see declaration of '_typeobject'
  pyclipper/pyclipper.cpp(10553): warning C4996: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length': deprecated in 3.3
  pyclipper/pyclipper.cpp(10569): warning C4996: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length': deprecated in 3.3
  error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.28.29333\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pyclipper
Failed to build pyclipper
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pyclipper which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly ```

Answer 1

Python 3.9中的API中删除了tp_print方法。错误“'tp\u print”：不是“\u typeobject”的成员意味着该代码适用于Python<；=3.8.

降级到Python 3.8并重试

Updpyclipper只是released version 1.2.1带有用于Python 3.9的控制盘

永远不要急于更新Python的主要版本，等到所有的第三方库都适应了

Answer 2

正如@phd正确指出的那样，tp_print是从Python 3.9以后删除的。然而，在这个（以及其他类似的问题）中，C/C++代码是由Cython生成的，而不是手写的。Cython制作扩展模块的一个好处是，它得到了维护，并且能够跟上Python的变化。因此，只需使用最新版本的Cython重新生成C/C++代码，就可以很容易地使模块再次兼容

对于这种特定情况，PyClipper包含两种构建模块的方法：https://github.com/fonttools/pyclipper/blob/master/README.rst#install。第一个编译前生成的C++代码，第二个编译使用Cython来重新生成C++代码。使用第二种方法重建它可以解决您的问题

碰巧的是，PyClipper现在已经更新了自己的模块，所以这不再是必要的，但是对于其他出现类似错误的模块，有必要考虑使用更新版本的Cython重新生成C/C++代码