如何修复“elasticsearch.exceptions.AuthenticationException:…REST请求缺少身份验证令牌”？

Question

我正在使用ElasticSearch数据库来存储我从网上获取的数据。但是，当我尝试为数据库中的数据编制索引时，我收到一个错误

以下是我创建和索引数据的代码：

es = Elasticsearch()

es.index(index='weather', doc_type='data', body=doc)

但是，当我运行此程序时，其中第二行会导致错误，以下是完整的回溯：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "weatherScraper.py", line 79, in <module>
  main()
File "weatherScraper.py", line 73, in main
  es.index(index='weather', doc_type='data', body=doc)
File "/home/alec/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/elasticsearch/client/utils.py", line 73, in _wrapped
  return func(*args, params=params, **kwargs)
File "/home/alec/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/elasticsearch/client/__init__.py", line 298, in index
  _make_path(index, doc_type, id), params=params, body=body)
File "/home/alec/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/elasticsearch/transport.py", line 312, in perform_request
  status, headers, data = connection.perform_request(method, url, params, body, ignore=ignore, timeout=timeout)
File "/home/alec/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/elasticsearch/connection/http_urllib3.py", line 128, in perform_request
  self._raise_error(response.status, raw_data)
File "/home/alec/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/elasticsearch/connection/base.py", line 125, in _raise_error
  raise HTTP_EXCEPTIONS.get(status_code, TransportError)(status_code, error_message, additional_info)
elasticsearch.exceptions.AuthenticationException: TransportError(401, u'security_exception', u'missing authentication token for REST request [/weather/data]')

Answer 1

“缺少身份验证令牌”意味着您需要先进行身份验证，然后才能与此Elasticsearch实例通信。要索引文档，用户必须具有写访问权限。您可以在如下URL中包含用户名和密码：http://user:password@hostname:port

例如，在shell中：

export ES_ENDPOINT="http://usernameWithWriteAccess:password@localhost:9200"

然后在python中：

es = Elasticsearch(os.environ['ES_ENDPOINT'])

Answer 2

创建ElasticSearch客户端时，可以将HTTP basic auth传递给http_auth参数：

client = Elasticsearch(
    hosts=['localhost:5000'],
    http_auth=('username', 'password'),
)
s = Search(using=client, index='something')

这假设您使用的是具有http_auth参数的底层^{}传输类

class elasticsearch.connection.Urllib3HttpConnection(host='localhost', 
                                                     http_auth=None, 
                                                     ...,
                                                     **kwargs) 

Default connection class using the urllib3 library and the http protocol.

Parameters:

• http_auth – optional http auth information as either ‘:’ separated string or a tuple

有关身份验证的SSL和其他参数，请参阅文档的SSL and Authentication部分：

from ssl import create_default_context

context = create_default_context(cafile="path/to/cert.pem")
es = Elasticsearch(
    ['localhost', 'otherhost'],
    http_auth=('user', 'secret'),
    scheme="https",
    port=443,
    ssl_context=context,
)

Answer 3

此外，如果您使用Postman工具执行此操作，例如：

转到“授权”选项卡“基本授权”，在此处写入通过单击elasticsearch-setup-passwords.bat收到的用户名和密码