到目前为止,我一直在使用库来处理OAuth,但是最近我一直在深入研究,试图理解底层的OAuth进程。目前,我正在尝试使用OAuth 1.0a连接到Tumblr API v2,代码如下:
import urllib, urllib2, time, random, hmac, base64, hashlib
def makenonce():
random_number = ''.join( str( random.randint( 0, 9 ) ) for _ in range( 40 ) )
m = hashlib.md5( str( time.time() ) + str( random_number ) )
return m.hexdigest()
def encodeparams(s):
return urllib.quote( str( s ), safe='~' )
# Actual key and secret from a test app created using a dummy Tumblr account
consumer_key = '97oAujQhSaQNv4XDXzCjdZlOxwNyhobmDwmueJBCHWsFFsW7Ly'
consumer_secret = '5q1dpF659SOgSUb0Eo52aAyoud8N8QOuJu6enCG92aDR6WoMlf'
#oauth URLs
request_tokenURL = 'http://www.tumblr.com/oauth/request_token'
#oauth params
oauth_parameters = {
'oauth_consumer_key' : consumer_key,
'oauth_nonce' : makenonce(),
'oauth_timestamp' : str(int(time.time())),
'oauth_signature_method' : "HMAC-SHA1",
'oauth_version' : "1.0"
}
normalized_parameters = encodeparams( '&'.join( ['%s=%s' % ( encodeparams( str( k ) ), encodeparams( str( oauth_parameters[k] ) ) ) for k in sorted( oauth_parameters )] ) )
# Since I'm focusing only on getting the request token for now, I set this to POST.
normalized_http_method = 'POST'
normalized_http_url = encodeparams( request_tokenURL )
signature_base_string = '&'.join( [normalized_http_method, normalized_http_url, normalized_parameters] )
oauth_key = consumer_secret + '&'
hashed = hmac.new( oauth_key, signature_base_string, hashlib.sha1 )
oauth_parameters['oauth_signature'] = base64.b64encode( hashed.digest() )
oauth_header = 'Authorization: OAuth realm="http://www.tumblr.com",' + 'oauth_nonce="' + oauth_parameters['oauth_nonce'] + '",' + 'oauth_timestamp="' + oauth_parameters['oauth_timestamp'] + '",' + 'oauth_consumer_key="' + oauth_parameters['oauth_consumer_key'] + '",' + 'oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1",oauth_version="1.0",oauth_signature="' + oauth_parameters['oauth_signature'] +'"'
# sample oauth_header generated by the code above:
# Authorization: OAuth realm="http://www.tumblr.com",oauth_nonce="c200a0e06f30b84b851ac3e99a71054b",oauth_timestamp="1315231855",oauth_consumer_key="97oAujQhSaQNv4XDXzCjdZlOxwNyhobmDwmueJBCHWsFFsW7Ly",oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1",oauth_version="1.0",oauth_signature="kVAlmwolCX0WJIvTF9MB2UV5rnU="
req = urllib2.Request( request_tokenURL )
req.add_header( 'Authorization', oauth_header )
# If all goes well, Tumblr should send me the oauth request token.
print urllib2.urlopen( req ).read()
Tumblr不是OAuth请求令牌,而是返回HTTP Error 401:Unauthorized。在
我尝试过但没有成功的事情:
oauth_version
从“1.0”更改为“1.0a”,并再次将其更改回。在consumer_secret
的末尾添加“&;”,以获得oauth_key
。我后来试着删除“&;,看看这是否有什么不同。在oauth_header
,然后稍后将其添加回来。两者都没有什么不同。在我哪里出错了?在
在上面的代码中只做了两个简单的更改就解决了:
normalized_http_method = 'GET'
\not POSToauth_header = 'OAuth realm="http://www...'
\。我早些时候在“我尝试过但没有成功的事情”中列出了这一点,但是(1)中列出的错误使我偏离了轨道。随着(1)的解决,我可以看出“授权”是多么的不必要。在当我最终得到正确的时候,Tumblr向我发送了OAuth请求令牌:
oauth_token=mbRUgyDkPePfkEztiLELMqUl1kyNXEcaTCCwpb7SoXDF9mhiTF&oauth_token_secret=5pXllXGKA8orAaUat1G7ckIfMfYup8juMBAgEELUkeMZoC3pv6&oauth_callback_confirmed=true
↑
这是一个一次性的令牌,为了完整起见,我在这里列出它。在
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