转换重复列表元素的类型

Question

我有一个列表，我知道每种类型的元素[Str, Str, Str, Int, Int, Int, Str, Int]。我有一个convert函数，可以猜测类型：

def convert(val):
    constructors = [int, str]
    for c in constructors:
        try:
            return c(val)
        except ValueError:
            pass

如何替换convert函数，因为我知道每个元素的类型（请参见下面的完整代码）？你知道吗

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
from itertools import groupby


DATA = [["Test", "A", "B01", 828288,  1,    7, 'C', 5],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 828288,  1,    7, 'T', 6],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 171878,  3,    7, 'C', 5],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 171878,  3,    7, 'T', 6],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 871963,  3,    9, 'A', 5],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 871963,  3,    9, 'G', 6],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 1932523, 1,   10, 'T', 4],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 1932523, 1,   10, 'A', 5],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 1932523, 1,   10, 'X', 6],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 667214,  1,   14, 'T', 4],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 667214,  1,   14, 'G', 5],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 667214,  1,   14, 'G', 6]]


def convert(val):
    constructors = [int, str]
    for c in constructors:
        try:
            return c(val)
        except ValueError:
            pass


def main():
    with open("/home/mic/tmp/test.txt") as f:
        for line in f:
            try:
                data = [convert(part.strip()) for part in line.split(',')]
                print(data)
            except IndexError:
                continue

更新 感谢您的所有回复，这些回复给了我新的想法，因此我也修改了代码（方法1-4），该代码目前不起作用：

#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
from itertools import groupby
import csv

parts = [["Test", "A", "B01", 828288,  1,    7, 'C', 5],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 828288,  1,    7, 'T', 6],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 171878,  3,    7, 'C', 5],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 171878,  3,    7, 'T', 6],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 871963,  3,    9, 'A', 5],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 871963,  3,    9, 'G', 6],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 1932523, 1,   10, 'T', 4],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 1932523, 1,   10, 'A', 5],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 1932523, 1,   10, 'X', 6],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 667214,  1,   14, 'T', 4],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 667214,  1,   14, 'G', 5],
        ["Test", "A", "B01", 667214,  1,   14, 'G', 6]]


def iter_something(rows):
    key_names = ['type', 'name', 'sub_name', 'pos', 's_type', 'x_type']
    chr_key_names = ['letter', 'no']
    for keys, group in groupby(rows, lambda row: row[:6]):
        result = dict(zip(key_names, keys))
        result['chr'] = [dict(zip(chr_key_names, row[6:])) for row in group]
        yield result


def main():
    #Method 1
    converters = [str, str, str, int, int, int, str, int]
    with open("/home/mic/tmp/test.txt") as f:
        parts = (line.strip().split(',') for line in f)
        column = (con(part) for con, part in zip(converters, parts))
        for object_ in iter_something(column):
            print(object_)

    #Method 2
    with open("/home/mic/tmp/test.txt") as f:
        parts = (line.strip().split(',') for line in f)
        parts[3], parts[4], parts[5], parts[7] = int(parts[3]),\
                                                int(parts[4]),\
                                                int(parts[5]),\
                                                int(parts[7])
        column = (con(part) for con, part in zip(converters, parts))
        for object_ in iter_something(column):
            print(object_)

    #Method 3
    converters = [str, str, str, int, int, int, str, int]
    with open("/home/mic/tmp/test.txt", 'rb') as f:
        reader = csv.reader(f, skipinitialspace=True)
        for object_ in iter_something(reader):
            print(object_)

    #Method 4
    with open("/home/mic/tmp/test.txt", 'rb') as f:
        reader = csv.reader(f, skipinitialspace=True)
        reader[3], reader[4], reader[5], reader[7] = int(reader[3]),\
                                                    int(reader[4]),\
                                                    int(reader[5]),\
                                                    int(reader[7])

        for object_ in iter_something(reader):
            print(object_)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Answer 1

给定一个constructors列表，如您在问题开头所述，您可以这样做：

reader = csv.reader(f)
data = [[con(val) for con, val in zip(constructors, line)] for line in reader]

这将为您提供一个二维列表；根据您提供的代码判断，这是您想要的结构。你知道吗

---

编辑：我修改了解决方案以使用csv模块，您需要在顶部导入该模块。上面的代码当然会包含在with语句中。你知道吗

Answer 2

您可以使用zip()将类型与列配对：

converters = [str, str, str, int, int, int, str, int]

for line in f:
    data = [convert(part.strip()) 
            for convert, part in zip(converters, line.split(','))]

在您的更新中，您再次犯了与您在另一个问题中犯的相同的错误；您在行和列之间产生了混淆，并且正在对行应用该技术：

parts = (line.strip().split(',') for line in f)
column = ([con(col) for con, col in zip(converters, row)] for row in parts)

我是否可以再次考虑使用^{} module，就像我对你的previous question所做的那样？您在这里稍微重新发明了CSV解析轮：

with open("/home/mic/tmp/test.txt") as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f, skipinitialspace=True)
    converted = ([conv(col) for conv, col in zip(converters, row)] for row in reader)

Answer 3

我会尽力回答你的问题：

由于元素已经是字符串，您只需强制转换int：

data = ["Test", "A", "B01", "667214",  "1",   "14", 'G',"6"]

data[3], data[4], data[5], data[7],= int(data[3]),int(data[4]), int(data[5]), int(data[7])

所以你的主要想法是：

def main():
    with open("/home/mic/tmp/test.txt") as f:
        for line in f:
            try:
                data = [part.strip() for part in line.split(',')]
                data[3], data[4], data[5], data[7],= int(data[3]),int(data[4]), int(data[5]), int(data[7])
            except IndexError:
                continue

但由于您已经在使用try，因此最好为ValueError添加一个异常

except (IndexError,ValueError):

您不需要convert函数，在main中强制转换为int就足够了，没有必要强制转换已经是字符串的字符串