导出为CSV，将所有字符分离成字段

Question

我在编写一个python脚本时遇到了一点小麻烦，我正在编写这个脚本来审核我公司许多不同应用程序中的所有CSV文件，我几乎完成了一个概念证明，带到老板面前，展示我能用python做些什么，但问题是我对python中的CSV类没有那么好的理解。。。。你知道吗

以下是我的计算机信息列表的示例：

['EB-ABORTZ,True,False,False,0', 'EB-AGONCHAROVA,True,False,False,0',
 'EB-AHART-1,True,False,False,0', 'EB-AHEIDENREICH,True,False,False,0',
 'EB-ALOCKLEAR,True,False,False,0', 'EB-AMARGULIS,True,False,False,0',
 'EB-ASKLAR,True,False,False,0', 'EB-ASKLAR-1,True,False,False,0',
 'EB-ASKLAR-3,True,False,False,0', 'EB-BCHOW-1,True,False,False,0',
 'EB-BJOHNSON,True,False,False,0', 'EB-BLYLE,True,False,False,0',
 'EB-BRUSSUM,True,False,False,0', 'EB-CCLEARY,True,False,False,0',
 'EB-...]

下面是一个例子，代码最后会产生什么。。。。。你知道吗

"E","B","-","A","B","O","R","T","Z",",","T","r","u","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","0"
"E","B","-","A","G","O","N","C","H","A","R","O","V","A",",","T","r","u","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","0"
"E","B","-","A","H","A","R","T","-","1",",","T","r","u","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","0"
"E","B","-","A","H","E","I","D","E","N","R","E","I","C","H",",","T","r","u","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","0"
"E","B","-","A","L","O","C","K","L","E","A","R",",","T","r","u","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","0"
"E","B","-","A","M","A","R","G","U","L","I","S",",","T","r","u","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","F","a","l","s","e",",","0"

下面是我用来在事后将数据导出为CSV格式的方法的副本。你知道吗

def collate_computers(computers):
    with open('results.csv', 'w', encoding='utf8', )as outfile:
        writer = csv.writer(outfile, quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL, delimiter=',')
        for c in computers:
            writer.writerow(c)

Answer 1

CSV writer函数writerow将一个列表作为输入，并将每个元素写入行中。将单个字符串传递给函数时，编写器将该字符串解释为字符列表。你知道吗

我假设您希望按字符串中显示的方式写入每一行。所以不要使用writer.writerow(c)，而是使用writer.writerow(c.split(','))。这会将字符串拆分为一个列表，列表中用逗号分隔。你知道吗

您的csv文件应如下所示：

EB-ABORTZ,True,False,False,0
EB-AGONCHAROVA,True,False,False,0
EB-AHART-1,True,False,False,0
EB-AHEIDENREICH,True,False,False,0
EB-ALOCKLEAR,True,False,False,0
EB-AMARGULIS,True,False,False,0
EB-ASKLAR,True,False,False,0
EB-ASKLAR-1,True,False,False,0
EB-ASKLAR-3,True,False,False,0
EB-BCHOW-1,True,False,False,0
EB-BJOHNSON,True,False,False,0
EB-BLYLE,True,False,False,0
EB-BRUSSUM,True,False,False,0
EB-CCLEARY,True,False,False,0

Answer 2

按原样，write rows方法生成逗号分隔的值（.csv）

The csv module doesn’t directly support reading and writing Unicode, but it is 8-bit-clean save for some problems with ASCII NUL characters. So you can write functions or classes that handle the encoding and decoding for you as long as you avoid encodings like UTF-16 that use NULs. UTF-8 is recommended. further information here

如果希望每行1个字符串（即每行1个列表项）

with open('results.csv', 'w') as outfile:
    csvWriter = csv.writer(outfile)
    for c in computers:
        csvWriter.writerow([c.encode('utf-8')])

Answer 3

问题是computers中的每个项都是一个字符串，而Python中的字符串是字符序列，因此writer.writerow()认为每个字符都是一个单独的字段。要解决这个问题，需要首先根据逗号所在的位置将每个字符串split放入字段：

import csv

def collate_computers(computers):
    with open('results.csv', 'w', encoding='utf8') as outfile:
        writer = csv.writer(outfile, quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL, delimiter=',')
        for s in computers:
            fields = s.split(',')
            writer.writerow(fields)

computers = [
    "EB-ABORTZ,True,False,False,0",
    "EB-AGONCHAROVA,True,False,False,0",
    "EB-AHART-1,True,False,False,0",
    "EB-AHEIDENREICH,True,False,False,0",
    "EB-ALOCKLEAR,True,False,False,0",
    "EB-AMARGULIS,True,False,False,0"
]

collate_computers(computers)

results.csv

"EB-ABORTZ","True","False","False","0"
"EB-AGONCHAROVA","True","False","False","0"
"EB-AHART-1","True","False","False","0"
"EB-AHEIDENREICH","True","False","False","0"
"EB-ALOCKLEAR","True","False","False","0"
"EB-AMARGULIS","True","False","False","0"