从lis格式化Python中的字符串

Question

class Employee:

def set_name(self, name):
    self.name = name

def set_IDnumber(self, IDnumber):
    self.IDnumber = IDnumber

def set_department(self, department):
    self.department = department

def set_jobTitle(self, jobTitle):
    self.jobTitle = jobTitle

def get_name(self):
    # Returns name
    return self.name

def get_IDnumber(self):
    # Returns IDnumber
    return self.IDnumber

def get_department(self):
    # Returns department
    return self.department

def get_jobTitle(self):
    # Returns job title
    return self.jobTitle

def make_list():
    # Declaring list for storing information
    employee_list = []
    print("Enter data for 3 employees")
    # Loop to loop through 3 employees info
    for i in range(1, 4):
        print('Employee ' + str(i))
        # Takes input for each object
        name = input('Enter employee name: ')
        idNumber = int(input('Enter employee ID number: '))
        department = input('Enter employee department: ')
        jobTitle = input('Enter job title: ')
        employee = Employee()
        # Sets information for each object
        employee.set_name(name)
        employee.set_IDnumber(idNumber)
        employee.set_department(department)
        employee.set_jobTitle(jobTitle)
        employee_list.append(employee)
    #Returns list for display
    return employee_list

def displayEmployees(list):
    # Declaring strings to be further manipulated for spacing purposes
    shopString = "CHRISTY'S SHOP EMPLOYEE REPORT"
    employeeString = "EMPLOYEE NAME"
    identifierString = "IDENTIFIER"
    departmentString = "DEPARTMENT"
    titleString = "TITLE"
    # String alignment
    print(shopString.center(70))
    print(employeeString + identifierString.center(40) + departmentString +     titleString.rjust(10))
    print("------------------" + "----------".center(30) + "----------".rjust(15) + "-----".rjust(10))
    for item in list:
        name = item.get_name()
        idNumber = item.get_IDnumber()
        department = item.get_department()
        jobTitle = item.get_jobTitle()
        print(name + idNumber.center(30) + department.rjust(15) + jobTitle.rjust(10))


def main():
    employees = make_list()
    displayEmployees(employees)

main()

这是我的程序。我试图将列表中的输出格式化如下：

如果有人能帮我，因为我发现由于列表中每个字符串的长度不同，会导致对齐错误，因此必须有更好的方法来正确对齐信息。提前谢谢。你知道吗

Answer 1

仅使用代码的相关部分和Format Specification Mini-Language，下面是一个尝试：

# String alignment
print('{:^62}'.format(shopString))
print('{:<22}{:^20}{:<19}{:<15}'.format(employeeString, identifierString, departmentString, titleString))
print('{:<22}{:^20}{:<19}{:<15}'.format("         ", "     ", "       ", "     -"))
for item in list:
    name = item.get_name()
    idNumber = item.get_IDnumber()
    department = item.get_department()
    jobTitle = item.get_jobTitle()
    print('{:<22}{:^20}{:<19}{:<15}'.format(name, idNumber, department, jobTitle))

输出：

                CHRISTY'S SHOP EMPLOYEE REPORT                
EMPLOYEE NAME              IDENTIFIER     DEPARTMENT         TITLE          
                                             -    
Lily Thomas                   412         Administration     Manager        
John Doe                      132         Accounting         Accountant     
LaQuanda Shaka                321         Sales              Associate

当然，按照您的意愿对其进行修改和格式化已经足够简单了。你知道吗

Answer 2

结尾的代码

我修改了你代码中的一些内容。你知道吗

首先，由于没有非accesor的方法，所以我使用namedtuple代替Employee类。如果你真的需要（在课堂上）获得者和设置者，请大声读这篇文章，并让它深入人心：

If I must have them then I will hide them behind a property.

（引用here的话）。 我所说的属性是指true pythonic properties。 但是，请不要这样做，请参见：this answer

其次，您必须检查用户是否提供了良好的类型（因此try-except）。你知道吗

第三， 我用了一种叫做Format Specification Mini-Language (a.k.a. formatspec) 的东西。如果涉及到字符串格式，它真的很有帮助。你知道吗

from collections import namedtuple

Employee = namedtuple('EmployeeRecord', 'name,idNumber,department,jobTitle')


def make_list():
    employees = []
    print("Enter data for 3 employees")
    i = 1
    while i < 4:
        print('Employee ' + str(i))

        name = input('Enter employee name: ')
        idNumber = input('Enter employee ID number: ')
        try:
            idNumber = int(idNumber)
        except ValueError:
            print("ID number is supposted to be integer")
            continue
        idNumber = int(idNumber)
        department = input('Enter employee department: ')
        jobTitle = input('Enter job title: ')
        employees.append(Employee(name,idNumber,department,jobTitle)) 
        i += 1
    return employees


def displayEmployees(list, titleFormat, recordFormat):
    shopString = "CHRISTY'S SHOP EMPLOYEE REPORT"
    print('{:^70}'.format(shopString))
    print(titleFormat.format("EMPLOYEE NAME", "IDENTIFIER", "DEPARTMENT", "TITLE"))
    print(titleFormat.format("         ", "     ", "     ", "  -"))
    for item in list:
        name = item.name
        idNumber = item.idNumber
        department = item.department
        jobTitle = item.jobTitle
        print(recordFormat.format(name, idNumber, department, jobTitle))


def main():
    employees = make_list() # you can uncomment this line
    titleFormat = "{:<25}{:^15}{:<15}{:<10}"
    recordFormat = "{:<23}{:^19}{:<13}{:<10}"
    displayEmployees(employees, titleFormat, recordFormat)



def main2():
    e1 = Employee("name1", 1, "dep1", "title1")
    e2 = Employee("name2", 2, "dep2", "title2")
    e3 = Employee("name3", 3, "dep3", "title3")
    titleFormat = "{:<25}{:^15}{:<15}{:<10}"
    recordFormat = "{:<23}{:^19}{:<13}{:<10}"
    employees = [e1, e2, e3]
    displayEmployees(employees, titleFormat, recordFormat)

#main()
main2()

这是我从main2（）得到的： 你知道吗

                    CHRISTY'S SHOP EMPLOYEE REPORT                    
EMPLOYEE NAME              IDENTIFIER   DEPARTMENT     TITLE     
                                      -     
name1                           1         dep1         title1    
name2                           2         dep2         title2    
name3                           3         dep3         title3   

如果您想更多地了解python字符串格式here，您可以找到一个很棒的教程。你知道吗

另外，我想推荐一篇我最喜欢的关于java与python的文章python is not java