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<p>我一直在创建一个项目,以优化最低阻力的飞机形状,并已运行到两个问题,一个与约束发生应用和收到以下错误</p>
<pre><code> File "/home/name/Desktop/x1ac3opt.py", line 202, in <module>
top.setup()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/openmdao/core/problem.py", line 498, in setup
connections = self._setup_connections(params_dict, unknowns_dict)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/openmdao/core/problem.py", line 197, in _setup_connections
connections = self.root._get_explicit_connections()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/openmdao/core/group.py", line 685, in _get_explicit_connections
(src, tgt, tgt))
NameError: Source 'p.Sp1' cannot be connected to target 'con.Sp1': 'con.Sp1' does not exist.
</code></pre>
<p>这是在引用约束条件时发生的
`你知道吗</p>
<pre><code>File "/home/name/Desktop/x1ac3opt.py", line 63, in solve_nonlinear
unknowns['Cdi'] = (324/((7750)*(m.pi)*(((Sp1+Sp2+Sp3+Sp4+Sp5)**2)/(Sp1*(Rc+Tc1)/2+Sp2*(Tc1+Tc2)/2+Sp3*(Tc2+Tc3)/2+Sp4*(Tc3+Tc4)/2+Sp5*(Tc4+Tc5)/2))))
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/openmdao/core/vec_wrapper.py", line 435, in __setitem__
self._dat[name].set(value)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/openmdao/core/vec_wrapper.py", line 313, in _set_scalar
self.val[0] = value
ValueError: setting an array element with a sequence.
</code></pre>
<p>`</p>
<p>你知道为什么会这样吗?你知道吗</p>
<p>编辑:
下面是代码的完整性</p>
<p>`#对于打印,如果您运行的是Python2.x,请使用此导入
从<strong>未来</strong>导入打印功能</p>
<p>将数学作为m导入</p>
<p>从openmdao.api导入IndepVarComp、Component、Problem、Group、ExecComp、ScipyOptimizer、SqliteRecorder</p>
<p>类Outershell(组件):
“”“包含Outershell的组件。”“”</p>
<pre><code>def __init__(self):
super(Outershell, self).__init__()
self.add_param('Sp1', val=23) #Sec1Span
self.add_param('Sp2', val=13) #Sec2Span
self.add_param('Sp3', val=20) #Sec3Span
self.add_param('Sp4', val=35) #Sec4Span
self.add_param('Sp5', val=35) #Sec5Span
self.add_param('Sw1', val=60) #Sec1Sweep
self.add_param('Sw2', val=60) #Sec2sweep
self.add_param('Sw3', val=50) #Sec3sweep
self.add_param('Sw4', val=37) #Sec4sweep
self.add_param('Sw5', val=35) #Sec5sweep
self.add_param('Rc', val=130) #Sec1RC
self.add_param('Tc1', val=90) #Sec1TC
self.add_param('Tc2', val=66) #Sec2TC
self.add_param('Tc3', val=42) #Sec3TC
self.add_param('Tc4', val=24) #Sec4TC
self.add_param('Tc5', val=10) #Sec5TC
self.add_output('Cdi', shape=1) #Objective output as low as possible
def solve_nonlinear(self, params, unknowns, resids):
#0.0324 and 0.775 are the squared Cl and the oswald efficiency number in the case that I can find a way to add in those values to the optimization problem
Sp1 = params['Sp1']
Sp2 = params['Sp2']
Sp3 = params['Sp3']
Sp4 = params['Sp4']
Sp5 = params['Sp5']
Sw1 = params['Sw1']
Sw2 = params['Sw2']
Sw3 = params['Sw3']
Sw4 = params['Sw4']
Sw5 = params['Sw5']
Rc = params['Rc']
Tc1 = params['Tc1']
Tc2 = params['Tc2']
Tc3 = params['Tc3']
Tc4 = params['Tc4']
Tc5 = params['Tc5']
unknowns['Cdi'] = (324/((7750)*(m.pi)*(((Sp1+Sp2+Sp3+Sp4+Sp5)**2)/(Sp1*(Rc+Tc1)/2+Sp2*(Tc1+Tc2)/2+Sp3*(Tc2+Tc3)/2+Sp4*(Tc3+Tc4)/2+Sp5*(Tc4+Tc5)/2))))
def linearize(self, params, unknowns, resids):
Sp1 = params['Sp1']
Sp2 = params['Sp2']
Sp3 = params['Sp3']
Sp4 = params['Sp4']
Sp5 = params['Sp5']
sw1 = params['Sw1']
sw2 = params['Sw2']
sw3 = params['Sw3']
sw4 = params['Sw4']
sw5 = params['Sw5']
Rc = params['Rc']
Tc1 = params['Tc1']
Tc2 = params['Tc2']
Tc3 = params['Tc3']
Tc4 = params['Tc4']
Tc5 = params['Tc5']
J ={}
J['Cdi', 'Sp1']=unknowns['Cdi']/Sp1
J['Cdi', 'Sp2']=unknowns['Cdi']/Sp2
J['Cdi', 'Sp3']=unknowns['Cdi']/Sp3
J['Cdi', 'Sp4']=unknowns['Cdi']/Sp4
J['Cdi', 'Sp5']=unknowns['Cdi']/Sp5
J['Cdi', 'Sw1']=unknowns['Cdi']/sw1
J['Cdi', 'Sw2']=unknowns['Cdi']/sw2
J['Cdi', 'Sw3']=unknowns['Cdi']/sw3
J['Cdi', 'Sw4']=unknowns['Cdi']/sw4
J['Cdi', 'Sw5']=unknowns['Cdi']/sw5
J['Cdi', 'Tc1']=unknowns['Cdi']/Tc1
J['Cdi', 'Tc2']=unknowns['Cdi']/Tc2
J['Cdi', 'Tc3']=unknowns['Cdi']/Tc3
J['Cdi', 'Tc4']=unknowns['Cdi']/Tc4
J['Cdi', 'Tc5']=unknowns['Cdi']/Tc5
J['Cdi', 'Rc']=unknowns['Cdi']/Rc
</code></pre>
<p><code>if __name__ == "__main__":</code></p>
<pre><code>top = Problem()
root = top.root = Group()
root.add('p1', IndepVarComp('Sp1', 23))
root.add('p2', IndepVarComp('Sp2', 13))
root.add('p3', IndepVarComp('Sp3', 20))
root.add('p4', IndepVarComp('Sp4', 35))
root.add('p5', IndepVarComp('Sp5', 35))
root.add('p6', IndepVarComp('Sw1', 60))
root.add('p7', IndepVarComp('Sw2', 60))
root.add('p8', IndepVarComp('Sw3', 50))
root.add('p9', IndepVarComp('Sw4', 37))
root.add('p10', IndepVarComp('Sw5', 35))
root.add('p11', IndepVarComp('Tc1', 90))
root.add('p12', IndepVarComp('Tc2', 66))
root.add('p13', IndepVarComp('Tc3', 42))
root.add('p14', IndepVarComp('Tc4', 24))
root.add('p15', IndepVarComp('Tc5', 10))
root.add('p16', IndepVarComp('Rc', 130))
root.add('p', Outershell())
root.add('con', ExecComp('L = (15067/100000000)/(Sp1(Rc+Tc1)/2+Sp2(Tc1+Tc2)/2+Sp3(Tc2+Tc3)/2+Sp4(Tc3+Tc4)/2+Sp5(Tc4+Tc5)/2)'))
#Cl=0.18 rho = 0.000737 v**2 = 810471.67 Area = ... 597.31762079
root.connect('p1.Sp1', 'p.Sp1')
root.connect('p2.Sp2', 'p.Sp2')
root.connect('p3.Sp3', 'p.Sp3')
root.connect('p4.Sp4', 'p.Sp4')
root.connect('p5.Sp5', 'p.Sp5')
root.connect('p6.Sw1', 'p.Sw1')
root.connect('p7.Sw2', 'p.Sw2')
root.connect('p8.Sw3', 'p.Sw3')
root.connect('p9.Sw4', 'p.Sw4')
root.connect('p10.Sw5', 'p.Sw5')
root.connect('p11.Tc1', 'p.Tc1')
root.connect('p12.Tc2', 'p.Tc2')
root.connect('p13.Tc3', 'p.Tc3')
root.connect('p14.Tc4', 'p.Tc4')
root.connect('p15.Tc5', 'p.Tc5')
root.connect('p16.Rc', 'p.Rc')
root.connect('p.Sp1', 'con.Sp1')
root.connect('p.Sp2', 'con.Sp2')
root.connect('p.Sp3', 'con.Sp3')
root.connect('p.Sp4', 'con.Sp4')
root.connect('p.Sp5', 'con.Sp5')
root.connect('p.Sw1', 'con.Sw1')
root.connect('p.Sw2', 'con.Sw2')
root.connect('p.Sw3', 'con.Sw3')
root.connect('p.Sw4', 'con.Sw4')
root.connect('p.Sw5', 'con.Sw5')
root.connect('p.Tc1', 'con.Tc1')
root.connect('p.Tc2', 'con.Tc2')
root.connect('p.Tc3', 'con.Tc3')
root.connect('p.Tc4', 'con.Tc4')
root.connect('p.Tc5', 'con.Tc5')
root.connect('p.Rc', 'con.Rc')
top.driver = ScipyOptimizer()
top.driver.options['optimizer'] = 'COBYLA'
top.driver.add_desvar('p1.Sp1', lower=13, upper=33)
top.driver.add_desvar('p2.Sp2', lower=3, upper=23)
top.driver.add_desvar('p3.Sp3', lower=10, upper=30)
top.driver.add_desvar('p4.Sp4', lower=25, upper=45)
top.driver.add_desvar('p5.Sp5', lower=25, upper=45)
top.driver.add_desvar('p6.Sw1', lower=55, upper=65)
top.driver.add_desvar('p7.Sw2', lower=55, upper=65)
top.driver.add_desvar('p8.Sw3', lower=45, upper=55)
top.driver.add_desvar('p9.Sw4', lower=32, upper=42)
top.driver.add_desvar('p10.Sw5', lower=30, upper=40)
top.driver.add_desvar('p11.Tc1', lower=80, upper=100)
top.driver.add_desvar('p12.Tc2', lower=56, upper=76)
top.driver.add_desvar('p13.Tc3', lower=37, upper=45)
top.driver.add_desvar('p14.Tc4', lower=19, upper=29)
top.driver.add_desvar('p15.Tc5', lower=5, upper=15)
top.driver.add_objective('p.Cdi')
top.driver.add_constraint('con.L', lower=220000, upper=240000)
recorder = SqliteRecorder('Outershell')
recorder.options['record_params'] = True
recorder.options['record_metadata'] = True
top.driver.add_recorder(recorder)
top.setup()
top.run()
top.cleanup() # this closes all recorders
print('\n')
print('Minimum of %f found at: ' % (top['p.Cdi']))
print('\n')
print('Lift produced is: %f ' % (top['con.L']))
print('SP1 = %f' % (top['p.Sp1']))
print('\n')
print('SP2 = %f' % (top['p.Sp2']))
print('\n')
print('SP3 = %f' % (top['p.Sp3']))
print('\n')
print('SP4 = %f' % (top['p.Sp4']))
print('\n')
print('SP5 = %f' % (top['p.Sp5']))
print('\n')
print('SW1 = %f' % (top['p.Sw1']))
print('\n')
print('SW2 = %f' % (top['p.Sw2']))
print('\n')
print('SW3 = %f' % (top['p.Sw3']))
print('\n')
print('SW4 = %f' % (top['p.Sw4']))
print('\n')
print('SW5 = %f' % (top['p.Sw5']))
print('\n')
print('Rc = %f' % (top['p.Rc']))
print('\n')
print('TC1 = %f' % (top['p.Tc1']))
print('\n')
print('TC2 = %f' % (top['p.Tc2']))
print('\n')
print('TC3 = %f' % (top['p.Tc3']))
print('\n')
print('TC4 = %f' % (top['p.Tc4']))
print('\n')
print('TC5 = %f' % (top['p.Tc5']))
print('\n')
</code></pre>
<p>`</p>