java如何解除JTextField的焦点

Question

当我的应用程序加载（使用netbeans创建）时，第一个JTextField会自动聚焦，在这个JTextField中，我写了“输入你的用户名”，当用户点击这个字段时，它会消失，但当应用程序加载时，这个字段聚焦，意味着我看不到“输入你的用户名”，如何在启动时解除关注

Answer 1

登录最好在模式对话框中完成，但这会带来问题，因为在组件可见后必须调用方法requestFocusInWindow()，但由于对话框是模式的，所以这会被阻止

本例使用Rob Camick的RequestFocusListener（如Dialog Focus中所示）在对话框可见后管理焦点

注意：这就是它在用户做任何事情之前的显示方式。默认情况下，密码字段是聚焦的

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;

public class LoginRequired {

    LoginRequired() {
        JFrame f = new JFrame("Login Required");
        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);

        f.setResizable(false);
        f.setSize(400, 300); // not recommended, but used here for convenience
        f.setLocationByPlatform(true);
        f.setVisible(true);

        showLogin(f);
    }

    private void showLogin(JFrame frame) {
        JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(5,5));

        JPanel labels = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,1,2,2));
        labels.add(new JLabel("User Name", SwingConstants.TRAILING));
        labels.add(new JLabel("Password", SwingConstants.TRAILING));
        p.add(labels, BorderLayout.LINE_START);

        JPanel controls = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,1,2,2));
        JTextField username = new JTextField("Joe Blogs");
        controls.add(username);
        JPasswordField password = new JPasswordField();
        password.addAncestorListener(new RequestFocusListener(false));
        controls.add(password);
        p.add(controls, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
            frame, p, "Log In", JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE);
        System.out.println("User Name: " + username.getText());
        System.out.println("Password: " + new String(password.getPassword()));
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
            new LoginRequired();
        });
    }
}

/**
 *  Convenience class to request focus on a component.
 *
 *  When the component is added to a realized Window then component will
 *  request focus immediately, since the ancestorAdded event is fired
 *  immediately.
 *
 *  When the component is added to a non realized Window, then the focus
 *  request will be made once the window is realized, since the
 *  ancestorAdded event will not be fired until then.
 *
 *  Using the default constructor will cause the listener to be removed
 *  from the component once the AncestorEvent is generated. A second constructor
 *  allows you to specify a boolean value of false to prevent the
 *  AncestorListener from being removed when the event is generated. This will
 *  allow you to reuse the listener each time the event is generated.
 */
class RequestFocusListener implements AncestorListener
{
    private boolean removeListener;

    /*
     *  Convenience constructor. The listener is only used once and then it is
     *  removed from the component.
     */
    public RequestFocusListener()
    {
        this(true);
    }

    /*
     *  Constructor that controls whether this listen can be used once or
     *  multiple times.
     *
     *  @param removeListener when true this listener is only invoked once
     *                        otherwise it can be invoked multiple times.
     */
    public RequestFocusListener(boolean removeListener)
    {
        this.removeListener = removeListener;
    }

    @Override
    public void ancestorAdded(AncestorEvent e)
    {
        JComponent component = e.getComponent();
        component.requestFocusInWindow();

        if (removeListener)
            component.removeAncestorListener( this );
    }

    @Override
    public void ancestorMoved(AncestorEvent e) {}

    @Override
    public void ancestorRemoved(AncestorEvent e) {}
}

Answer 2

textField.setFocusable(false);
textField.setFocusable(true);

如果且仅当textField具有焦点，则TAB顺序中的下一个组件将自动获得焦点。其效果与按TAB键相同

（未在只有一个可聚焦组件的GUI中测试：））

Answer 3

使用^{}将焦点设置在其他组件上，而不是首先设置JTextfield

但是我建议不要改变本机焦点系统，而是在constructor中的JTextField后initComponents()调用上setText(String s)（假设在netbeans中）

进一步可选阅读：How to Use the Focus Subsystem