Python是随机的吗？兰丁是随机的吗？

Question

所以我在测试一个游戏中骰子掷骰概率的计算方法。 基本情况下，如果滚动10边模具。

我做了一百万个样本，结果得到了如下比例：

Result
0       0.000000000000000%
1       10.038789961210000%
2       10.043589956410000%
3       9.994890005110000%
4       10.025289974710000%
5       9.948090051909950%
6       9.965590034409970%
7       9.990190009809990%
8       9.985490014509990%
9       9.980390019609980%
10      10.027589972410000%

这些当然都应该是10%。 这些结果的标准偏差为0.0323207%。 对我来说，这似乎很高。 只是巧合吗？ 据我所知，随机模块访问适当的伪随机数。 即那些通过统计检验的方法是随机的。 或者这些是伪随机数生成器

我应该使用加密伪随机数生成器吗？ 我很确定我不需要一个true随机数生成器（参见http://www.random.org/，http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_random_number_generator）。

我正在用10亿个样本重新生成我所有的结果， （因为为什么不呢，我有一个松脆的服务器在我的支配下，还有一些睡眠要做）

Answer 1

从^{} module documentation：

Almost all module functions depend on the basic function random(), which generates a random float uniformly in the semi-open range [0.0, 1.0). Python uses the Mersenne Twister as the core generator. It produces 53-bit precision floats and has a period of 2**19937-1. The underlying implementation in C is both fast and threadsafe. The Mersenne Twister is one of the most extensively tested random number generators in existence. However, being completely deterministic, it is not suitable for all purposes, and is completely unsuitable for cryptographic purposes.

从Wikipedia article on the Mersenne Twister：

It provides for fast generation of very high-quality pseudorandom numbers, having been designed specifically to rectify many of the flaws found in older algorithms.

如果您有一个特定于操作系统的随机性源，可以通过^{}获得，那么您可以使用^{}类代替。大多数random模块函数都可用作该类的方法。它可能更适合于加密目的，再次引用文档：

The returned data should be unpredictable enough for cryptographic applications, though its exact quality depends on the OS implementation.

Python 3.6添加了一个^{} module和方便的方法来生成适合加密目的的随机数据：

The secrets module is used for generating cryptographically strong random numbers suitable for managing data such as passwords, account authentication, security tokens, and related secrets.

In particularly, secrets should be used in preference to the default pseudo-random number generator in the random module, which is designed for modelling and simulation, not security or cryptography.