如何在Ubuntu19.04上安装Python3.6？

Question

我最近安装了Ubuntu 19.04，默认为Python 3.7。我需要处理多个使用Python 3.6的项目。

有没有办法把它安装到迪斯科野狗上？

我试过了对16.04有效的方法

milano@milano-desktop:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6
...
milano@milano-desktop:~$ sudo apt-get install python3.6
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'python3.6-2to3' for regex 'python3.6'
Note, selecting 'libpython3.6-stdlib' for regex 'python3.6'
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  fonts-liberation2 fonts-opensymbol gir1.2-geocodeglib-1.0
  gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gir1.2-gudev-1.0
  gir1.2-udisks-2.0 grilo-plugins-0.3-base gstreamer1.0-gtk3 guile-2.2-libs
  libboost-date-time1.67.0 libboost-filesystem1.67.0 libboost-iostreams1.67.0
  libboost-locale1.67.0 libcdr-0.1-1 libclucene-contribs1v5 libclucene-core1v5
  libcmis-0.5-5v5 libcolamd2 libcurl4 libdazzle-1.0-0 libe-book-0.1-1 libeot0
  libepubgen-0.1-1 libetonyek-0.1-1 libevent-2.1-6 libfreerdp-client2-2
  libfreerdp2-2 libgc1c2 libgee-0.8-2 libgom-1.0-0 libgpgmepp6 libgpod-common
  libgpod4 liblangtag-common liblangtag1 liblirc-client0 liblua5.3-0
  libmediaart-2.0-0 libminiupnpc17 libmspub-0.1-1 libodfgen-0.1-1
  liborcus-0.14-0 libqqwing2v5 libraw19 librevenge-0.0-0 libsgutils2-2
  libsuitesparseconfig5 libvncclient1 libwinpr2-2 libxmlsec1 libxmlsec1-nss
  lp-solve media-player-info python3-mako python3-markupsafe syslinux
  syslinux-common syslinux-legacy usb-creator-common
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
milano@milano-desktop:~$ python3.6

Command 'python3.6' not found, did you mean:

  command 'python3.8' from deb python3.8-minimal (3.8.0~a3-2)
  command 'python3.7' from deb python3.7-minimal (3.7.3-2)

Try: sudo apt install <deb name>

Python3+选项卡

milano@milano-desktop:~$ python3
python3     python3.7   python3.7m  python3m 

死蛇

milano@milano-desktop:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
 This PPA contains more recent Python versions packaged for Ubuntu.

Disclaimer: there's no guarantee of timely updates in case of security problems or other issues. If you want to use them in a security-or-otherwise-critical environment (say, on a production server), you do so at your own risk.

Update Note
===========
Please use this repository instead of ppa:fkrull/deadsnakes.

Reporting Issues
================
Issues can be reported in the master issue tracker at:
https://github.com/deadsnakes/issues/issues

Supported Ubuntu and Python Versions
====================================
Python 3.6 - Ubuntu 14.04, Ubuntu 16.04

For Ubuntu up to 18.04, there's also packages for old Python versions from 2.3 to 3.4.

The packages may also work on other versions of Ubuntu or Debian, but that is not tested or supported.

Third-Party Python Modules
==========================
Python modules in the official Ubuntu repositories are packaged to work with the Python interpreters from the official repositories. Accordingly, they generally won't work with the Python interpreters from this PPA. As an exception, pure-Python modules for Python 3 will work, but any compiled extension modules won't.

To install 3rd-party Python modules, you should use the common Python packaging tools.  For an introduction into the Python packaging ecosystem and its tools, refer to the Python Packaging User Guide:
https://packaging.python.org/installing/

Sources
=======
The package sources are available at:
https://github.com/deadsnakes/
 More info: https://launchpad.net/~deadsnakes/+archive/ubuntu/ppa
Press [ENTER] to continue or Ctrl-c to cancel adding it.

Hit:1 http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco InRelease
Ign:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu disco InRelease           
Get:3 http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-updates InRelease [88,4 kB]    
Hit:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security InRelease               
Hit:5 http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-backports InRelease            
Ign:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/python-3.6/ubuntu disco InRelease
Err:7 http://ppa.launchpad.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu disco Release
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
Err:8 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/python-3.6/ubuntu disco Release
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
Reading package lists... Done                      
E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu disco Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/python-3.6/ubuntu disco Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

Answer 1

不要在你的系统里乱来。

Ubuntu 19.04作为给定标准的Python 3.7，因此如果您想使用Python 3.6.*的话，应该安装conda并创建一个具有特定Python版本的环境：

conda create --name py36 -c conda-forge python=3.6.* pip  

当然，您也可以创建其他虚拟环境并使用pip。

或者你可以去码头。

如果您真的想更改操作系统上的版本，那么我建议您使用NixOS。

Answer 2

无需从源代码处编译，只需手动下载并安装带有依赖项的deb包python 3.6即可：

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/python3.6/libpython3.6-minimal_3.6.7-1~18.10_amd64.deb
dpkg -i libpython3.6-minimal_3.6.7-1~18.10_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/python3.6/libpython3.6-stdlib_3.6.7-1~18.10_amd64.deb
dpkg -i libpython3.6-stdlib_3.6.7-1~18.10_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/python3.6/python3.6-minimal_3.6.7-1~18.10_amd64.deb
dpkg -i python3.6-minimal_3.6.7-1~18.10_amd64.deb

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/python3.6/python3.6_3.6.7-1~18.10_amd64.deb
dpkg -i python3.6_3.6.7-1~18.10_amd64.deb

这足以运行Python3.6。但是，某些模块可能无法工作，例如pycurl，因此我没有找到解决方案。 ModuleNotFoundError在尝试导入时发生，import error在尝试安装pycurl时发生错误：无法导入名称“sysconfig”，因为python3 distutils包是从3.7版安装的，并且不兼容。 从3.6开始的手动安装打破了3.7版的依赖性，在任何情况下，apt都会尝试修复它。

Answer 3

是的，正如@furas所说，您可以下载python的源代码3.6.8或3.6.7（这些是.xz源文件的直接链接，如果您想要其他格式，请访问3.6.8或3.6.7）

这些是源的README.rst文件中的一些内容

Build Instructions
------------------

On Unix, Linux, BSD, macOS, and Cygwin::

    ./configure
    make
    make test
    sudo make install

This will install Python as python3.

如果您希望python3.6作为python3.6（而不是python3）安装在您的系统中，那么在README.rst文件中还有一些其他的指南

For example, if you want to install Python 2.7, 3.5, and 3.6 with 3.6 being the
primary version, you would execute ``make install`` in your 3.6 build directory
and ``make altinstall`` in the others.

谢谢。。。